Extend integration tests.

See #4706
Original pull request: #4882

Author: christophstrobl

Diff for: spring-data-mongodb/pom.xml

@@ -273,6 +273,20 @@
 			<scope>test</scope>
 		</dependency>
 
+		<dependency>
+			<groupId>org.testcontainers</groupId>
+			<artifactId>junit-jupiter</artifactId>
+			<version>${testcontainers}</version>
+			<scope>test</scope>
+		</dependency>
+
+		<dependency>
+			<groupId>org.testcontainers</groupId>
+			<artifactId>mongodb</artifactId>
+			<version>${testcontainers}</version>
+			<scope>test</scope>
+		</dependency>
+
 		<dependency>
 			<groupId>jakarta.transaction</groupId>
 			<artifactId>jakarta.transaction-api</artifactId>

Diff for: spring-data-mongodb/src/main/java/org/springframework/data/mongodb/core/DefaultIndexOperations.java

@@ -50,11 +50,11 @@ public class DefaultIndexOperations implements IndexOperations {
 
 	private static final String PARTIAL_FILTER_EXPRESSION_KEY = "partialFilterExpression";
 
-	protected final String collectionName;
-	protected final QueryMapper mapper;
-	protected final @Nullable Class<?> type;
+	private final String collectionName;
+	private final QueryMapper mapper;
+	private final @Nullable Class<?> type;
 
-	protected final MongoOperations mongoOperations;
+	private final MongoOperations mongoOperations;
 
 	/**
 	 * Creates a new {@link DefaultIndexOperations}.
@@ -132,7 +132,7 @@ public String ensureIndex(IndexDefinition indexDefinition) {
 	}
 
 	@Nullable
-	protected MongoPersistentEntity<?> lookupPersistentEntity(@Nullable Class<?> entityType, String collection) {
+	private MongoPersistentEntity<?> lookupPersistentEntity(@Nullable Class<?> entityType, String collection) {
 
 		if (entityType != null) {
 			return mapper.getMappingContext().getRequiredPersistentEntity(entityType);

Diff for: spring-data-mongodb/src/main/java/org/springframework/data/mongodb/core/MappingMongoJsonSchemaCreator.java

@@ -185,6 +185,10 @@ private JsonSchemaProperty computeSchemaForProperty(List<MongoPersistentProperty
 		Class<?> rawTargetType = computeTargetType(property); // target type before conversion
 		Class<?> targetType = converter.getTypeMapper().getWriteTargetTypeFor(rawTargetType); // conversion target type
 
+		if((rawTargetType.isPrimitive() || ClassUtils.isPrimitiveArray(rawTargetType)) && targetType == Object.class) {
+			targetType = rawTargetType;
+		}
+
 		if (!isCollection(property) && ObjectUtils.nullSafeEquals(rawTargetType, targetType)) {
 			if (property.isEntity() || mergeProperties.containsKey(stringPath)) {
 				List<JsonSchemaProperty> targetProperties = new ArrayList<>();

Diff for: spring-data-mongodb/src/main/java/org/springframework/data/mongodb/core/aggregation/VectorSearchOperation.java

@@ -25,7 +25,6 @@
 
 import org.bson.BinaryVector;
 import org.bson.Document;
-
 import org.springframework.data.domain.Limit;
 import org.springframework.data.domain.Vector;
 import org.springframework.data.mongodb.core.mapping.MongoVector;
@@ -38,7 +37,6 @@
 /**
  * Performs a semantic search on data in your Atlas cluster. This stage is only available for Atlas Vector Search.
  * Vector data must be less than or equal to 4096 dimensions in width.
- * <p>
  * <h3>Limitations</h3> You cannot use this stage together with:
  * <ul>
  * <li>{@link org.springframework.data.mongodb.core.aggregation.LookupOperation Lookup} stages</li>
@@ -452,6 +450,18 @@ default LimitContributor vector(float... vector) {
 			return vector(Vector.of(vector));
 		}
 
+		/**
+		 * Array of byte numbers that represent the query vector. The number type must match the indexed field value type.
+		 * Otherwise, Atlas Vector Search doesn't return any results or errors.
+		 *
+		 * @param vector the query vector.
+		 * @return
+		 */
+		@Contract("_ -> this")
+		default LimitContributor vector(byte... vector) {
+			return vector(BinaryVector.int8Vector(vector));
+		}
+
 		/**
 		 * Array of double numbers that represent the query vector. The number type must match the indexed field value type.
 		 * Otherwise, Atlas Vector Search doesn't return any results or errors.

Diff for: spring-data-mongodb/src/main/java/org/springframework/data/mongodb/core/convert/MongoConverters.java

@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
  */
 package org.springframework.data.mongodb.core.convert;
 
-import static org.springframework.data.convert.ConverterBuilder.*;
+import static org.springframework.data.convert.ConverterBuilder.reading;
 
 import java.math.BigDecimal;
 import java.math.BigInteger;
@@ -47,7 +47,6 @@
 import org.bson.types.Code;
 import org.bson.types.Decimal128;
 import org.bson.types.ObjectId;
-
 import org.springframework.core.convert.ConversionFailedException;
 import org.springframework.core.convert.TypeDescriptor;
 import org.springframework.core.convert.converter.ConditionalConverter;
@@ -119,6 +118,8 @@ static Collection<Object> getConvertersToRegister() {
 		converters.add(reading(BsonUndefined.class, Object.class, it -> null));
 		converters.add(reading(String.class, URI.class, URI::create).andWriting(URI::toString));
 
+		converters.add(ByteArrayConverterFactory.INSTANCE);
+
 		return converters;
 	}
 
@@ -473,6 +474,48 @@ public Vector convert(BinaryVector source) {
 		}
 	}
 
+	@WritingConverter
+	enum ByteArrayConverterFactory implements ConverterFactory<byte[], Object>, ConditionalConverter {
+
+		INSTANCE;
+
+		@Override
+		public <T> Converter<byte[], T> getConverter(Class<T> targetType) {
+			return new ByteArrayConverter<>(targetType);
+		}
+
+		@Override
+		public boolean matches(TypeDescriptor sourceType, TypeDescriptor targetType) {
+			return targetType.getType() != Object.class && !sourceType.equals(targetType);
+		}
+
+		private final static class ByteArrayConverter<T> implements Converter<byte[], T> {
+
+			private final Class<T> targetType;
+
+			/**
+			 * Creates a new {@link ByteArrayConverter} for the given target type.
+			 *
+			 * @param targetType must not be {@literal null}.
+			 */
+			public ByteArrayConverter(Class<T> targetType) {
+
+				Assert.notNull(targetType, "Target type must not be null");
+
+				this.targetType = targetType;
+			}
+
+			@Override
+			public T convert(byte[] source) {
+
+				if (this.targetType == BinaryVector.class) {
+					return (T) BinaryVector.int8Vector(source);
+				}
+				return (T) source;
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
 	/**
 	 * {@link ConverterFactory} implementation converting {@link AtomicLong} into {@link Long}.
 	 *

Diff for: spring-data-mongodb/src/main/java/org/springframework/data/mongodb/core/index/DefaultSearchIndexOperations.java

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright 2024 the original author or authors.
+ * Copyright 2025 the original author or authors.
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -18,24 +18,23 @@
 import java.util.ArrayList;
 import java.util.List;
 
+import org.bson.BsonString;
 import org.bson.Document;
-
 import org.springframework.data.mapping.context.MappingContext;
 import org.springframework.data.mongodb.core.MongoOperations;
-import org.springframework.data.mongodb.core.aggregation.Aggregation;
-import org.springframework.data.mongodb.core.aggregation.AggregationResults;
 import org.springframework.data.mongodb.core.mapping.MongoPersistentEntity;
 import org.springframework.data.mongodb.core.mapping.MongoPersistentProperty;
 import org.springframework.data.util.TypeInformation;
 import org.springframework.lang.Nullable;
+import org.springframework.util.StringUtils;
 
 import com.mongodb.client.model.SearchIndexModel;
 import com.mongodb.client.model.SearchIndexType;
 
 /**
  * @author Christoph Strobl
  * @author Mark Paluch
- * @since 3.5
+ * @since 4.5
  */
 public class DefaultSearchIndexOperations implements SearchIndexOperations {
 
@@ -48,6 +47,7 @@ public DefaultSearchIndexOperations(MongoOperations mongoOperations, Class<?> ty
 	}
 
 	public DefaultSearchIndexOperations(MongoOperations mongoOperations, String collectionName, @Nullable Class<?> type) {
+
 		this.collectionName = collectionName;
 
 		if (type != null) {
@@ -63,80 +63,63 @@ public DefaultSearchIndexOperations(MongoOperations mongoOperations, String coll
 	}
 
 	@Override
-	public String ensureIndex(SearchIndexDefinition indexDefinition) {
-
-		if (!(indexDefinition instanceof VectorIndex vsi)) {
-			throw new IllegalStateException("Index definitions must be of type VectorIndex");
-		}
+	public String createIndex(SearchIndexDefinition indexDefinition) {
 
 		Document index = indexDefinition.getIndexDocument(entityTypeInformation,
 				mongoOperations.getConverter().getMappingContext());
 
-		mongoOperations.getCollection(collectionName).createSearchIndexes(List
-				.of(new SearchIndexModel(vsi.getName(), (Document) index.get("definition"), SearchIndexType.vectorSearch())));
+		mongoOperations.getCollection(collectionName)
+				.createSearchIndexes(List.of(new SearchIndexModel(indexDefinition.getName(),
+						index.get("definition", Document.class), SearchIndexType.of(new BsonString(indexDefinition.getType())))));
 
-		return vsi.getName();
+		return indexDefinition.getName();
 	}
 
 	@Override
-	public void updateIndex(SearchIndexDefinition index) {
-
-		if (index instanceof VectorIndex) {
-			throw new UnsupportedOperationException("Vector Index definitions cannot be updated");
-		}
+	public void updateIndex(SearchIndexDefinition indexDefinition) {
 
-		Document indexDocument = index.getIndexDocument(entityTypeInformation,
+		Document indexDocument = indexDefinition.getIndexDocument(entityTypeInformation,
 				mongoOperations.getConverter().getMappingContext());
 
-		mongoOperations.getCollection(collectionName).updateSearchIndex(index.getName(), indexDocument);
+		mongoOperations.getCollection(collectionName).updateSearchIndex(indexDefinition.getName(), indexDocument);
 	}
 
 	@Override
 	public boolean exists(String indexName) {
-
-		List<Document> indexes = mongoOperations.getCollection(collectionName).listSearchIndexes().into(new ArrayList<>());
-
-		for (Document index : indexes) {
-			if (index.getString("name").equals(indexName)) {
-				return true;
-			}
-		}
-
-		return false;
+		return getSearchIndex(indexName) != null;
 	}
 
 	@Override
-	public List<IndexInfo> getIndexInfo() {
-
-		AggregationResults<Document> aggregate = mongoOperations.aggregate(
-				Aggregation.newAggregation(context -> new Document("$listSearchIndexes", new Document())), collectionName,
-				Document.class);
+	public SearchIndexStatus status(String indexName) {
 
-		ArrayList<IndexInfo> result = new ArrayList<>();
-		for (Document doc : aggregate) {
-
-			List<IndexField> indexFields = new ArrayList<>();
-			String name = doc.getString("name");
-			for (Object field : doc.get("latestDefinition", Document.class).get("fields", List.class)) {
-
-				if (field instanceof Document fieldInfo) {
-					indexFields.add(IndexField.vector(fieldInfo.getString("path")));
-				}
-			}
-
-			result.add(new IndexInfo(indexFields, name, false, false, null, false));
-		}
-		return result;
+		Document searchIndex = getSearchIndex(indexName);
+		return searchIndex != null ? SearchIndexStatus.valueOf(searchIndex.getString("status"))
+				: SearchIndexStatus.DOES_NOT_EXIST;
 	}
 
 	@Override
 	public void dropAllIndexes() {
-		getIndexInfo().forEach(indexInfo -> dropIndex(indexInfo.getName()));
+		getSearchIndexes(null).forEach(indexInfo -> dropIndex(indexInfo.getString("name")));
 	}
 
 	@Override
-	public void dropIndex(String name) {
-		mongoOperations.getCollection(collectionName).dropSearchIndex(name);
+	public void dropIndex(String indexName) {
+		mongoOperations.getCollection(collectionName).dropSearchIndex(indexName);
+	}
+
+	@Nullable
+	private Document getSearchIndex(String indexName) {
+
+		List<Document> indexes = getSearchIndexes(indexName);
+		return indexes.isEmpty() ? null : indexes.iterator().next();
+	}
+
+	private List<Document> getSearchIndexes(@Nullable String indexName) {
+
+		Document filter = StringUtils.hasText(indexName) ? new Document("name", indexName) : new Document();
+
+		return mongoOperations.getCollection(collectionName).aggregate(List.of(new Document("$listSearchIndexes", filter)))
+				.into(new ArrayList<>());
 	}
 
 }

Diff for: spring-data-mongodb/src/main/java/org/springframework/data/mongodb/core/index/IndexOperations.java

@@ -33,9 +33,23 @@ public interface IndexOperations {
 	 *
 	 * @param indexDefinition must not be {@literal null}.
 	 * @return the index name.
+	 * @deprecated in favor of {@link #createIndex(IndexDefinition)}.
 	 */
+	@Deprecated(since = "4.5", forRemoval = true)
 	String ensureIndex(IndexDefinition indexDefinition);
 
+	/**
+	 * Create the index for the provided {@link IndexDefinition} exists for the collection indicated by the entity
+	 * class. If not it will be created.
+	 *
+	 * @param indexDefinition must not be {@literal null}.
+	 * @return the index name.
+	 * @since 4.5
+	 */
+	default String createIndex(IndexDefinition indexDefinition) {
+		return ensureIndex(indexDefinition);
+	}
+
 	/**
 	 * Alters the index with given {@literal name}.
 	 *