Squashed 'tz/' changes from a8e2fcd87b..a84610f010

7e1145bfdb Release 2025b
290a071360 Fix NEWS for zic bugfix
2980293682 No need for America/Coyhaique in zonenow.tab
ed0aff98da Improve recent commentary for Chilean decrees
ca3e8daeb3 northamerica: mention Daylight Bill
ee73bc3a72 Aysén Region moves from -04/-03 to -03; new zone
4878fa40ec Iran switched to +0330 on 1978-11-10 at 24:00
1a8d6c1ada Cite Neumann & von Blanckenburg’s 2025 DST review
1913dd77b5 “Region of Magallanes” → “Magallanes Region”
ddffc80062 * zic.c: Fix misspelled comment (thanks to Jonathan Wakely).
7063d08cdd Fix bug with -d RELATIVE -t ABSOLUTE
271a5784a5 Fix NEWS tense

git-subtree-dir: tz
git-subtree-split: a84610f0102d290f6cc8ba8345a545e2cf9f22ea

Author: stub42

NEWS

@@ -1,15 +1,40 @@
 News for the tz database
 
+Release 2025b - 2025-03-22 13:40:46 -0700
+
+  Briefly:
+    New zone for Aysén Region in Chile which moves from -04/-03 to -03.
+
+  Changes to future timestamps
+
+    Chile's Aysén Region moves from -04/-03 to -03 year-round, joining
+    Magallanes Region.  The region will not change its clocks on
+    2025-04-05 at 24:00, diverging from America/Santiago and creating a
+    new zone America/Coyhaique.  (Thanks to Yonathan Dossow.)  Model
+    this as a change to standard offset effective 2025-03-20.
+
+  Changes to past timestamps
+
+    Iran switched from +04 to +0330 on 1978-11-10 at 24:00, not at
+    year end.  (Thanks to Roozbeh Pournader.)
+
+  Changes to code
+
+    'zic -l TIMEZONE -d . -l /some/other/file/system' no longer
+    attempts to create an incorrect symlink, and no longer has a
+    read buffer underflow.  (Problem reported by Evgeniy Gorbanev.)
+
+
 Release 2025a - 2025-01-15 10:47:24 -0800
 
   Briefly:
-    Paraguay adopts permanent -03 starting spring 2024.
+    Paraguay adopted permanent -03 starting spring 2024.
     Improve pre-1991 data for the Philippines.
     Etc/Unknown is now reserved.
 
   Changes to future timestamps
 
-    Paraguay will stop changing its clocks after the spring-forward
+    Paraguay stopped changing its clocks after the spring-forward
     transition on 2024-10-06, so it is now permanently at -03.
     (Thanks to Heitor David Pinto and Even Scharning.)
     This affects timestamps starting 2025-03-22, as well as the

asia

@@ -1500,6 +1500,16 @@ Zone Asia/Jayapura	9:22:48 -	LMT	1932 Nov
 # (UIT No. 143 17.XI.1977) and not 23 September (UIT No. 141 13.IX.1977).
 # UIT is the Operational Bulletin of International Telecommunication Union.
 
+# From Roozbeh Pournader (2025-03-18):
+# ... the exact time of Iran's transition from +0400 to +0330 ... was Friday
+# 1357/8/19 AP=1978-11-10. Here's a newspaper clip from the Ettela'at
+# newspaper, dated 1357/8/14 AP=1978-11-05, translated from Persian
+# (at https://w.wiki/DUEY):
+#	Following the government's decision about returning the official time
+#	to the previous status, the spokesperson for the Ministry of Energy
+#	announced today: At the hour 24 of Friday 19th of Aban (=1978-11-10),
+#	the country's time will be pulled back half an hour.
+#
 # From Roozbeh Pournader (2003-03-15):
 # This is an English translation of what I just found (originally in Persian).
 # The Gregorian dates in brackets are mine:
@@ -1627,7 +1637,7 @@ Rule	Iran	2021	2022	-	Sep	21	24:00	0	-
 Zone	Asia/Tehran	3:25:44	-	LMT	1916
 			3:25:44	-	TMT	1935 Jun 13 # Tehran Mean Time
 			3:30	Iran	%z	1977 Oct 20 24:00
-			4:00	Iran	%z	1979
+			4:00	Iran	%z	1978 Nov 10 24:00
 			3:30	Iran	%z
 
 

northamerica

@@ -1611,6 +1611,15 @@ Zone America/Moncton	-4:19:08 -	LMT	1883 Dec  9
 # For more on Orillia, see: Daubs K. Bold attempt at daylight saving
 # time became a comic failure in Orillia. Toronto Star 2017-07-08.
 # https://www.thestar.com/news/insight/2017/07/08/bold-attempt-at-daylight-saving-time-became-a-comic-failure-in-orillia.html
+# From Paul Eggert (2025-03-20):
+# Also see the 1912-06-17 front page of The Evening Sunbeam,
+# reproduced in: Richardson M. "Daylight saving was a confusing
+# time in Orillia" in the 2025-03-15 Orillia Matters. Richardson writes,
+# "The first Sunday after the switch was made, [DST proponent and
+# Orillia mayor William Sword] Frost walked into church an hour late.
+# This became a symbol of the downfall of daylight saving in Orillia."
+# The mayor became known as "Daylight Bill".
+# https://www.orilliamatters.com/local-news/column-daylight-saving-was-a-confusing-time-in-orillia-10377529
 
 # From Mark Brader (2010-03-06):
 #

southamerica

@@ -1246,35 +1246,45 @@ Zone America/Rio_Branco	-4:31:12 -	LMT	1914
 # dates to 2014.
 # DST End: last Saturday of April 2014 (Sun 27 Apr 2014 03:00 UTC)
 # DST Start: first Saturday of September 2014 (Sun 07 Sep 2014 04:00 UTC)
-# http://www.diariooficial.interior.gob.cl//media/2014/02/19/do-20140219.pdf
+# From Tim Parenti (2025-03-22):
+# Decreto 307 of 2014 of the Ministry of the Interior and Public Security,
+# promulgated 2014-01-30 and published 2014-02-19:
+# https://www.diariooficial.interior.gob.cl/media/2014/02/19/do-20140219.pdf#page=1
+# https://www.bcn.cl/leychile/navegar?idNorma=1059557
 
 # From Eduardo Romero Urra (2015-03-03):
 # Today has been published officially that Chile will use the DST time
 # permanently until March 25 of 2017
-# http://www.diariooficial.interior.gob.cl/media/2015/03/03/1-large.jpg
-#
-# From Paul Eggert (2015-03-03):
-# For now, assume that the extension will persist indefinitely.
+# From Tim Parenti (2025-03-22):
+# Decreto 106 of 2015 of the Ministry of the Interior and Public Security,
+# promulgated 2015-01-27 and published 2015-03-03:
+# https://www.diariooficial.interior.gob.cl/media/2015/03/03/do-20150303.pdf#page=1
+# https://www.bcn.cl/leychile/navegar?idNorma=1075157
 
 # From Juan Correa (2016-03-18):
-# The decree regarding DST has been published in today's Official Gazette:
-# http://www.diariooficial.interior.gob.cl/versiones-anteriores/do/20160318/
-# http://www.leychile.cl/Navegar?idNorma=1088502
+# The decree regarding DST has been published in today's Official Gazette...
 # It does consider the second Saturday of May and August as the dates
 # for the transition; and it lists DST dates until 2019, but I think
 # this scheme will stick.
-#
 # From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18):
-# For now, assume the pattern holds for the indefinite future.
 # The decree says transitions occur at 24:00; in practice this appears
 # to mean 24:00 mainland time, not 24:00 local time, so that Easter
 # Island is always two hours behind the mainland.
+# From Tim Parenti (2025-03-22):
+# Decreto 253 of 2016 of the Ministry of the Interior and Public Security,
+# promulgated 2016-03-16 and published 2016-03-18.
+# https://www.diariooficial.interior.gob.cl/media/2016/03/18/do-20160318.pdf#page=1
+# https://www.bcn.cl/leychile/navegar?idNorma=1088502
 
 # From Juan Correa (2016-12-04):
 # Magallanes region ... will keep DST (UTC -3) all year round....
 # http://www.soychile.cl/Santiago/Sociedad/2016/12/04/433428/Bachelet-firmo-el-decreto-para-establecer-un-horario-unico-para-la-Region-de-Magallanes.aspx
-# From Deborah Goldsmith (2017-01-19):
-# http://www.diariooficial.interior.gob.cl/publicaciones/2017/01/17/41660/01/1169626.pdf
+# From Tim Parenti (2025-03-22), via Deborah Goldsmith (2017-01-19):
+# Decreto 1820 of 2016 of the Ministry of the Interior and Public Security,
+# promulgated 2016-12-02 and published 2017-01-17:
+# https://www.diariooficial.interior.gob.cl/publicaciones/2017/01/17/41660/01/1169626.pdf
+# https://www.bcn.cl/leychile/Navegar?idNorma=1099217
+# Model this as a change to standard offset effective 2016-12-04.
 
 # From Juan Correa (2018-08-13):
 # As of moments ago, the Ministry of Energy in Chile has announced the new
@@ -1293,13 +1303,20 @@ Zone America/Rio_Branco	-4:31:12 -	LMT	1914
 # https://twitter.com/MinEnergia/status/1029009354001973248
 # "We will keep the new time policy unchanged for at least the next 4 years."
 # So we extend the new rules on Saturdays at 24:00 mainland time indefinitely.
-# From Juan Correa (2019-02-04):
-# http://www.diariooficial.interior.gob.cl/publicaciones/2018/11/23/42212/01/1498738.pdf
+# From Tim Parenti (2025-03-22), via Juan Correa (2019-02-04):
+# Decreto 1286 of 2018 of the Ministry of the Interior and Public Security,
+# promulgated 2018-09-21 and published 2018-11-23:
+# https://www.diariooficial.interior.gob.cl/publicaciones/2018/11/23/42212/01/1498738.pdf
+# https://www.bcn.cl/leychile/Navegar?idNorma=1125760
 
 # From Juan Correa (2022-04-02):
 # I found there was a decree published last Thursday that will keep
-# Magallanes region to UTC -3 "indefinitely". The decree is available at
+# Magallanes region to UTC -3 "indefinitely".
+# From Tim Parenti (2025-03-22):
+# Decreto 143 of 2022 of the Ministry of the Interior and Public Security,
+# promulgated 2022-03-29 and published 2022-03-31:
 # https://www.diariooficial.interior.gob.cl/publicaciones/2022/03/31/43217-B/01/2108910.pdf
+# https://www.bcn.cl/leychile/Navegar?idNorma=1174342
 
 # From Juan Correa (2022-08-09):
 # the Internal Affairs Ministry (Ministerio del Interior) informed DST
@@ -1308,13 +1325,36 @@ Zone America/Rio_Branco	-4:31:12 -	LMT	1914
 # will keep UTC -3 "indefinitely"...  This is because on September 4th
 # we will have a voting whether to approve a new Constitution.
 #
-# From Eduardo Romero Urra (2022-08-17):
+# From Tim Parenti (2025-03-22), via Eduardo Romero Urra (2022-08-17):
+# Decreto 224 of 2022 of the Ministry of the Interior and Public Security,
+# promulgated 2022-07-14 and published 2022-08-13:
 # https://www.diariooficial.interior.gob.cl/publicaciones/2022/08/13/43327/01/2172567.pdf
+# https://www.bcn.cl/leychile/navegar?idNorma=1179983
 #
 # From Paul Eggert (2022-08-17):
 # Although the presidential decree stops at fall 2026, assume that
 # similar DST rules will continue thereafter.
 
+# From Paul Eggert (2025-01-15):
+# Diario Regional Aysén's Sebastián Martel reports that 94% of Aysén
+# citizens polled in November favored changing the rules from
+# -04/-03-with-DST to -03 all year...
+# https://www.diarioregionalaysen.cl/noticia/actualidad/2024/12/presentan-decision-que-gano-la-votacion-sobre-el-cambio-del-huso-horario-en-aysen
+#
+# From Yonathan Dossow (2025-03-20):
+# [T]oday we have more confirmation of the change.  [Aysén] region will keep
+# UTC-3 all year...
+# https://www.cnnchile.com/pais/region-de-aysen-mantendra-horario-de-verano-todo-el-ano_20250320/
+# https://www.latercera.com/nacional/noticia/tras-consulta-ciudadana-region-de-aysen-mantendra-el-horario-de-verano-durante-todo-el-ano/
+# https://x.com/min_interior/status/1902692504270672098
+#
+# From Tim Parenti (2025-03-22), via Eduardo Romero Urra (2025-03-20):
+# Decreto 93 of 2025 of the Ministry of the Interior and Public Security,
+# promulgated 2025-03-11 and published 2025-03-20:
+# https://www.diariooficial.interior.gob.cl/publicaciones/2025/03/20/44104/01/2624263.pdf
+# https://www.bcn.cl/leychile/Navegar?idNorma=1211955
+# Model this as a change to standard offset effective 2025-03-20.
+
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	-	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Chile	1927	1931	-	Sep	 1	0:00	1:00	-
 Rule	Chile	1928	1932	-	Apr	 1	0:00	0	-
@@ -1371,6 +1411,20 @@ Zone America/Santiago	-4:42:45 -	LMT	1890
 			-5:00	1:00	%z	1947 Mar 31 24:00
 			-5:00	-	%z	1947 May 21 23:00
 			-4:00	Chile	%z
+Zone America/Coyhaique	-4:48:16 -	LMT	1890
+			-4:42:45 -	SMT	1910 Jan 10
+			-5:00	-	%z	1916 Jul  1
+			-4:42:45 -	SMT	1918 Sep 10
+			-4:00	-	%z	1919 Jul  1
+			-4:42:45 -	SMT	1927 Sep  1
+			-5:00	Chile	%z	1932 Sep  1
+			-4:00	-	%z	1942 Jun  1
+			-5:00	-	%z	1942 Aug  1
+			-4:00	-	%z	1946 Aug 28 24:00
+			-5:00	1:00	%z	1947 Mar 31 24:00
+			-5:00	-	%z	1947 May 21 23:00
+			-4:00	Chile	%z	2025 Mar 20
+			-3:00	-	%z
 Zone America/Punta_Arenas -4:43:40 -	LMT	1890
 			-4:42:45 -	SMT	1910 Jan 10
 			-5:00	-	%z	1916 Jul  1

tz-link.html

@@ -985,6 +985,14 @@ <h2 id="costs">Costs and benefits of time shifts</h2>
 doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsac236">10.1093/sleep/zsac236</a>.
 After reviewing the scientific literature, the Sleep Research Society
 advocates permanent standard time due to its health benefits.
+<li>Neumann P, von Blanckenburg K. <a
+href="https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/0961463X241310562">What
+time will it be? A comprehensive literature review on daylight saving time</a>.
+<em>Time Soc</em>. 2025-01-21.
+doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1177/0961463X241310562">10.1177/0961463X241310562</a>.
+This reviews DST's effects on electricity, health, crime, road safety,
+and the economy, focusing on research since 2010, and concludes that
+year-round standard time is preferable overall.
 <li>Rishi MA, Cheng JY, Strang AR <em>et al</em>.
 <a href="https://jcsm.aasm.org/doi/10.5664/jcsm.10898">Permanent standard time
 is the optimal choice for health and safety: