[6.0.2] Add a thread-safe implementation of Process.currentDirectoryURL (#5095)

* Add a thread-safe implementation of Process.currentDirectoryURL

posix_spawn_file_actions_addchdir_np is the official way to set the working directory of a spawned process and is supported on both macOS and glibc (Linux, etc.). This makes Process.currentDirectoryURL thread-safe, as the current approach will result in the working directory being nondeterministically assigned when spawning processes across multiple threads, using different working directories.

* Restore thread-unsafe fallback for setting the Process working directory

Swift still needs to support Amazon Linux 2 until it EoLs in mid-2025. So restore the thread-unsafe fallback for systems with glibc older than version 2.29, which was removed in #4981.

Author: jakepetroules

Diff for: Sources/CoreFoundation/CFPlatform.c

@@ -57,6 +57,10 @@
 #define kCFPlatformInterfaceStringEncoding	CFStringGetSystemEncoding()
 #endif
 
+#ifndef __GLIBC_PREREQ
+#define __GLIBC_PREREQ(maj, min) 0
+#endif
+
 extern void __CFGetUGIDs(uid_t *euid, gid_t *egid);
 
 #if TARGET_OS_MAC
@@ -2274,6 +2278,31 @@ CF_EXPORT int _CFPosixSpawnFileActionsAddClose(_CFPosixSpawnFileActionsRef file_
   return posix_spawn_file_actions_addclose((posix_spawn_file_actions_t *)file_actions, filedes);
 }
 
+CF_EXPORT int _CFPosixSpawnFileActionsChdir(_CFPosixSpawnFileActionsRef file_actions, const char *path) {
+  #if defined(__GLIBC__) && !__GLIBC_PREREQ(2, 29)
+  // Glibc versions prior to 2.29 don't support posix_spawn_file_actions_addchdir_np, impacting:
+  //  - Amazon Linux 2 (EoL mid-2025)
+  return ENOSYS;
+  #elif defined(__GLIBC__) || TARGET_OS_DARWIN || defined(__FreeBSD__) || defined(__ANDROID__)
+  // Pre-standard posix_spawn_file_actions_addchdir_np version available in:
+  //  - Solaris 11.3 (October 2015)
+  //  - Glibc 2.29 (February 2019)
+  //  - macOS 10.15 (October 2019)
+  //  - musl 1.1.24 (October 2019)
+  //  - FreeBSD 13.1 (May 2022)
+  //  - Android 14 (October 2023)
+  return posix_spawn_file_actions_addchdir_np((posix_spawn_file_actions_t *)file_actions, path);
+  #else
+  // Standardized posix_spawn_file_actions_addchdir version (POSIX.1-2024, June 2024) available in:
+  //  - Solaris 11.4 (August 2018)
+  //  - NetBSD 10.0 (March 2024)
+  // Currently missing as of:
+  //  - OpenBSD 7.5 (April 2024)
+  //  - QNX 8 (December 2023)
+  return posix_spawn_file_actions_addchdir((posix_spawn_file_actions_t *)file_actions, path);
+  #endif
+}
+
 CF_EXPORT int _CFPosixSpawn(pid_t *_CF_RESTRICT pid, const char *_CF_RESTRICT path, _CFPosixSpawnFileActionsRef file_actions, _CFPosixSpawnAttrRef _Nullable _CF_RESTRICT attrp, char *_Nullable const argv[_Nullable _CF_RESTRICT], char *_Nullable const envp[_Nullable _CF_RESTRICT]) {
   return posix_spawn(pid, path, (posix_spawn_file_actions_t *)file_actions, (posix_spawnattr_t *)attrp, argv, envp);
 }

Diff for: Sources/CoreFoundation/include/ForSwiftFoundationOnly.h

@@ -725,6 +725,7 @@ CF_EXPORT int _CFPosixSpawnFileActionsDestroy(_CFPosixSpawnFileActionsRef file_a
 CF_EXPORT void _CFPosixSpawnFileActionsDealloc(_CFPosixSpawnFileActionsRef file_actions);
 CF_EXPORT int _CFPosixSpawnFileActionsAddDup2(_CFPosixSpawnFileActionsRef file_actions, int filedes, int newfiledes);
 CF_EXPORT int _CFPosixSpawnFileActionsAddClose(_CFPosixSpawnFileActionsRef file_actions, int filedes);
+CF_EXPORT int _CFPosixSpawnFileActionsChdir(_CFPosixSpawnFileActionsRef file_actions, const char *path);
 #ifdef __cplusplus
 CF_EXPORT int _CFPosixSpawn(pid_t *_CF_RESTRICT pid, const char *_CF_RESTRICT path, _CFPosixSpawnFileActionsRef file_actions, _CFPosixSpawnAttrRef _Nullable _CF_RESTRICT attrp, char *const argv[], char *const envp[]);
 #else

Diff for: Sources/Foundation/Process.swift

@@ -925,6 +925,16 @@ open class Process: NSObject, @unchecked Sendable {
         for fd in addclose.filter({ $0 >= 0 }) {
             try _throwIfPosixError(_CFPosixSpawnFileActionsAddClose(fileActions, fd))
         }
+        let useFallbackChdir: Bool
+        if let dir = currentDirectoryURL?.path {
+            let chdirResult = _CFPosixSpawnFileActionsChdir(fileActions, dir)
+            useFallbackChdir = chdirResult == ENOSYS
+            if !useFallbackChdir {
+                try _throwIfPosixError(chdirResult)
+            }
+        } else {
+            useFallbackChdir = false
+        }
 
 #if canImport(Darwin) || os(Android) || os(OpenBSD)
         var spawnAttrs: posix_spawnattr_t? = nil
@@ -947,15 +957,25 @@ open class Process: NSObject, @unchecked Sendable {
         }
 #endif
 
-        let fileManager = FileManager()
-        let previousDirectoryPath = fileManager.currentDirectoryPath
-        if let dir = currentDirectoryURL?.path, !fileManager.changeCurrentDirectoryPath(dir) {
-            throw _NSErrorWithErrno(errno, reading: true, url: currentDirectoryURL)
+        // Unsafe fallback for systems missing posix_spawn_file_actions_addchdir[_np]
+        // This includes Glibc versions older than 2.29 such as on Amazon Linux 2
+        let previousDirectoryPath: String?
+        if useFallbackChdir {
+            let fileManager = FileManager()
+            previousDirectoryPath = fileManager.currentDirectoryPath
+            if let dir = currentDirectoryURL?.path, !fileManager.changeCurrentDirectoryPath(dir) {
+                throw _NSErrorWithErrno(errno, reading: true, url: currentDirectoryURL)
+            }
+        } else {
+            previousDirectoryPath = nil
         }
 
         defer {
-            // Reset the previous working directory path.
-            _ = fileManager.changeCurrentDirectoryPath(previousDirectoryPath)
+            if let previousDirectoryPath {
+                // Reset the previous working directory path.
+                let fileManager = FileManager()
+                _ = fileManager.changeCurrentDirectoryPath(previousDirectoryPath)
+            }
         }
 
         // Launch