TypeCheckStmt.cpp

//===--- TypeCheckStmt.cpp - Type Checking for Statements -----------------===//
//
// This source file is part of the Swift.org open source project
//
// Copyright (c) 2014 - 2018 Apple Inc. and the Swift project authors
// Licensed under Apache License v2.0 with Runtime Library Exception
//
// See https://swift.org/LICENSE.txt for license information
// See https://swift.org/CONTRIBUTORS.txt for the list of Swift project authors
//
//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
//
// This file implements semantic analysis for statements.
//
//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//

#include "MiscDiagnostics.h"
#include "TypeCheckAvailability.h"
#include "TypeCheckConcurrency.h"
#include "TypeCheckDistributed.h"
#include "TypeCheckType.h"
#include "TypeChecker.h"
#include "TypeCheckUnsafe.h"
#include "swift/AST/ASTPrinter.h"
#include "swift/AST/ASTScope.h"
#include "swift/AST/ASTVisitor.h"
#include "swift/AST/ASTWalker.h"
#include "swift/AST/ConformanceLookup.h"
#include "swift/AST/DiagnosticSuppression.h"
#include "swift/AST/DiagnosticsSema.h"
#include "swift/AST/Identifier.h"
#include "swift/AST/Initializer.h"
#include "swift/AST/NameLookup.h"
#include "swift/AST/ParameterList.h"
#include "swift/AST/PrettyStackTrace.h"
#include "swift/AST/SourceFile.h"
#include "swift/AST/TypeCheckRequests.h"
#include "swift/Basic/Assertions.h"
#include "swift/Basic/Range.h"
#include "swift/Basic/STLExtras.h"
#include "swift/Basic/SourceManager.h"
#include "swift/Basic/Statistic.h"
#include "swift/Basic/TopCollection.h"
#include "swift/Parse/Lexer.h"
#include "swift/Sema/ConstraintSystem.h"
#include "swift/Sema/IDETypeChecking.h"
#include "swift/Subsystems.h"
#include "llvm/ADT/DenseMap.h"
#include "llvm/ADT/PointerUnion.h"
#include "llvm/ADT/SmallString.h"
#include "llvm/ADT/TinyPtrVector.h"
#include "llvm/ADT/Twine.h"
#include "llvm/Support/Compiler.h"
#include "llvm/Support/Debug.h"
#include "llvm/Support/Format.h"
#include "llvm/Support/Timer.h"
#include <cmath>
#include <iterator>

using namespace swift;

#define DEBUG_TYPE "TypeCheckStmt"

namespace {
  /// After forming autoclosures and lazy initializer getters, we must update
  /// the DeclContexts for any AST nodes that store the DeclContext they're
  /// within. This includes e.g closures and decls, as well as some other
  /// expressions, statements, and patterns.
  class ContextualizationWalker : public ASTWalker {
    DeclContext *ParentDC;

    ContextualizationWalker(DeclContext *parent) : ParentDC(parent) {}

  public:
    static void contextualize(ASTNode node, DeclContext *DC) {
      node.walk(ContextualizationWalker(DC));
    }

    MacroWalking getMacroWalkingBehavior() const override {
      return MacroWalking::ArgumentsAndExpansion;
    }

    LazyInitializerWalking getLazyInitializerWalkingBehavior() override {
      // Don't walk lazy initializers, we contextualize the getter body
      // specially when synthesizing.
      return LazyInitializerWalking::None;
    }

    PreWalkResult<Expr *> walkToExprPre(Expr *E) override {
      if (auto *CE = dyn_cast<AbstractClosureExpr>(E)) {
        CE->setParent(ParentDC);
        contextualize(CE->getBody(), CE);

        TypeChecker::computeCaptures(CE);
        return Action::SkipNode(E);
      }

      // Caller-side default arguments need their @autoclosures checked.
      if (auto *DAE = dyn_cast<DefaultArgumentExpr>(E)) {
        if (DAE->isCallerSide() &&
            (DAE->getParamDecl()->isAutoClosure() ||
             (DAE->getParamDecl()->getDefaultArgumentKind() ==
              DefaultArgumentKind::ExpressionMacro)))
          DAE->getCallerSideDefaultExpr()->walk(*this);
      }

      // Macro expansion expressions require a DeclContext as well.
      if (auto macroExpansion = dyn_cast<MacroExpansionExpr>(E)) {
        macroExpansion->setDeclContext(ParentDC);
      }

      return Action::Continue(E);
    }

    PreWalkResult<Pattern *> walkToPatternPre(Pattern *P) override {
      // A couple of patterns store DeclContexts.
      if (auto *EP = dyn_cast<ExprPattern>(P))
        EP->setDeclContext(ParentDC);
      if (auto *EP = dyn_cast<EnumElementPattern>(P))
        EP->setDeclContext(ParentDC);

      return Action::Continue(P);
    }

    PreWalkResult<Stmt *> walkToStmtPre(Stmt *S) override {
      // The ASTWalker doesn't walk the case body variables, contextualize them
      // ourselves.
      if (auto *CS = dyn_cast<CaseStmt>(S)) {
        for (auto *CaseVar : CS->getCaseBodyVariablesOrEmptyArray())
          CaseVar->setDeclContext(ParentDC);
      }
      // A few statements store DeclContexts, update them.
      if (auto *BS = dyn_cast<BreakStmt>(S))
        BS->setDeclContext(ParentDC);
      if (auto *CS = dyn_cast<ContinueStmt>(S))
        CS->setDeclContext(ParentDC);
      if (auto *FS = dyn_cast<FallthroughStmt>(S))
        FS->setDeclContext(ParentDC);

      return Action::Continue(S);
    }

    PreWalkAction walkToDeclPre(Decl *D) override {
      // We may encounter some decls parented outside of a local context, e.g
      // VarDecls in TopLevelCodeDecls are parented to the file. In such cases,
      // assume the DeclContext they already have is correct, autoclosures
      // and lazy var inits cannot be defined in such contexts anyway.
      if (!D->getDeclContext()->isLocalContext())
        return Action::SkipNode();

      D->setDeclContext(ParentDC);

      // Auxiliary decls need to have their contexts adjusted too.
      if (auto *VD = dyn_cast<VarDecl>(D)) {
        VD->visitAuxiliaryDecls([&](VarDecl *D) {
          D->setDeclContext(ParentDC);
        });
      }

      // We don't currently support peer macro declarations in local contexts,
      // however we don't reject them either; so just to be safe, adjust their
      // context too.
      D->visitAuxiliaryDecls([&](Decl *D) {
        D->setDeclContext(ParentDC);
      });

      // Only recurse into decls that aren't themselves DeclContexts. This
      // allows us to visit e.g initializers for PatternBindingDecls and
      // accessors for VarDecls.
      return Action::SkipNodeIf(isa<DeclContext>(D));
    }
  };

  /// Used for debugging which parts of the code are taking a long time to
  /// compile.
  class FunctionBodyTimer {
    AnyFunctionRef Function;
    llvm::TimeRecord StartTime = llvm::TimeRecord::getCurrentTime();

  public:
    FunctionBodyTimer(AnyFunctionRef Fn) : Function(Fn) {}

    ~FunctionBodyTimer() {
      llvm::TimeRecord endTime = llvm::TimeRecord::getCurrentTime(false);

      auto elapsed = endTime.getProcessTime() - StartTime.getProcessTime();
      unsigned elapsedMS = static_cast<unsigned>(elapsed * 1000);

      ASTContext &ctx = Function.getAsDeclContext()->getASTContext();
      auto *AFD = Function.getAbstractFunctionDecl();

      if (ctx.TypeCheckerOpts.DebugTimeFunctionBodies) {
        // Round up to the nearest 100th of a millisecond.
        llvm::errs() << llvm::format("%0.2f", std::ceil(elapsed * 100000) / 100) << "ms\t";
        Function.getLoc().print(llvm::errs(), ctx.SourceMgr);

        if (AFD) {
          llvm::errs()
            << "\t" << Decl::getDescriptiveKindName(AFD->getDescriptiveKind())
            << " ";
          AFD->dumpRef(llvm::errs());
        } else {
          llvm::errs() << "\t(closure)";
        }
        llvm::errs() << "\n";
      }

      const auto WarnLimit = ctx.TypeCheckerOpts.WarnLongFunctionBodies;
      if (WarnLimit != 0 && elapsedMS >= WarnLimit) {
        if (AFD) {
          ctx.Diags.diagnose(AFD, diag::debug_long_function_body,
                             AFD, elapsedMS, WarnLimit);
        } else {
          ctx.Diags.diagnose(Function.getLoc(), diag::debug_long_closure_body,
                             elapsedMS, WarnLimit);
        }
      }
    }
  };
} // end anonymous namespace

void TypeChecker::contextualizeExpr(Expr *E, DeclContext *DC) {
  ContextualizationWalker::contextualize(E, DC);
}

void TypeChecker::contextualizeTopLevelCode(TopLevelCodeDecl *TLCD) {
  if (auto *body = TLCD->getBody())
    ContextualizationWalker::contextualize(body, TLCD);
}

namespace {
  /// Visitor that assigns local discriminators through whatever it walks.
  class SetLocalDiscriminators : public ASTWalker {
    /// The initial discriminator that everything starts with.
    unsigned InitialDiscriminator;

    // Next (explicit) closure discriminator.
    unsigned NextClosureDiscriminator;

    // Next autoclosure discriminator.
    unsigned NextAutoclosureDiscriminator;

    /// Local declaration discriminators.
    llvm::SmallDenseMap<Identifier, unsigned> DeclDiscriminators;

  public:
    SetLocalDiscriminators(
        unsigned initialDiscriminator = 0
    ) : InitialDiscriminator(initialDiscriminator),
        NextClosureDiscriminator(initialDiscriminator),
        NextAutoclosureDiscriminator(initialDiscriminator) { }

    /// Determine the maximum discriminator assigned to any local.
    unsigned maxAssignedDiscriminator() const {
      unsigned result = std::max(
          NextClosureDiscriminator, NextAutoclosureDiscriminator);

      for (const auto &decl : DeclDiscriminators) {
        result = std::max(result, decl.second);
      }

      return result;
    }

    MacroWalking getMacroWalkingBehavior() const override {
      return MacroWalking::Arguments;
    }

    PreWalkResult<Expr *> walkToExprPre(Expr *E) override {
      // Autoclosures need to be numbered and potentially reparented.
      // Reparenting is required with:
      //   - nested autoclosures, because the inner autoclosure will be
      //     parented to the outer context, not the outer autoclosure
      //   - non-local initializers
      if (auto CE = dyn_cast<AutoClosureExpr>(E)) {
        if (CE->getRawDiscriminator() != AutoClosureExpr::InvalidDiscriminator)
          return Action::SkipNode(E);

        assert(
            CE->getRawDiscriminator() == AutoClosureExpr::InvalidDiscriminator);
        CE->setDiscriminator(NextAutoclosureDiscriminator++);

        // Recurse into the autoclosure body using the same sequence,
        // but parenting to the autoclosure instead of the outer closure.
        CE->getBody()->walk(*this);

        return Action::SkipNode(E);
      }

      // Explicit closures start their own sequence.
      if (auto CE = dyn_cast<ClosureExpr>(E)) {
        if(CE->getRawDiscriminator() == ClosureExpr::InvalidDiscriminator)
          CE->setDiscriminator(NextClosureDiscriminator++);

        // We need to walk into closure bodies with a new sequence.
        SetLocalDiscriminators innerVisitor;
        if (auto params = CE->getParameters()) {
          for (auto *param : *params) {
            innerVisitor.setLocalDiscriminator(param);
          }
        }
        CE->getBody()->walk(innerVisitor);

        return Action::SkipNode(E);
      }

      // Caller-side default arguments need their @autoclosures checked.
      if (auto *DAE = dyn_cast<DefaultArgumentExpr>(E))
        if (DAE->isCallerSide() && DAE->getParamDecl()->isAutoClosure())
          DAE->getCallerSideDefaultExpr()->walk(*this);

      // Tap expression bodies have an $interpolation variable that doesn't
      // normally get visited. Visit it specifically.
      if (auto tap = dyn_cast<TapExpr>(E)) {
        if (auto body = tap->getBody()) {
          if (!body->empty()) {
            if (auto decl = body->getFirstElement().dyn_cast<Decl *>()) {
              if (auto var = dyn_cast<VarDecl>(decl))
                if (var->getName() ==
                        var->getASTContext().Id_dollarInterpolation)
                  setLocalDiscriminator(var);
            }
          }
        }
      }

      return Action::Continue(E);
    }

    /// We don't want to recurse into most local declarations.
    PreWalkAction walkToDeclPre(Decl *D) override {
      // If we have a local declaration, assign a local discriminator to it.
      if (auto valueDecl = dyn_cast<ValueDecl>(D)) {
        setLocalDiscriminator(valueDecl);
      }

      // But we do want to walk into the initializers of local
      // variables.
      return Action::VisitNodeIf(isa<PatternBindingDecl>(D));
    }

    PreWalkResult<Stmt *> walkToStmtPre(Stmt *S) override {
      if (auto caseStmt = dyn_cast<CaseStmt>(S)) {
        for (auto var : caseStmt->getCaseBodyVariablesOrEmptyArray())
          setLocalDiscriminator(var);
      }
      return Action::Continue(S);
    }

    /// Set the local discriminator for a named declaration.
    void setLocalDiscriminator(ValueDecl *valueDecl) {
      if (valueDecl->hasLocalDiscriminator()) {
        if (valueDecl->getRawLocalDiscriminator() ==
            ValueDecl::InvalidDiscriminator) {
          // Assign the next discriminator.
          Identifier name = valueDecl->getBaseIdentifier();
          auto &discriminator = DeclDiscriminators[name];
          if (discriminator < InitialDiscriminator)
            discriminator = InitialDiscriminator;

          valueDecl->setLocalDiscriminator(discriminator++);
        } else {
          // Assign the next discriminator.
          Identifier name = valueDecl->getBaseIdentifier();
          auto &discriminator = DeclDiscriminators[name];
          discriminator = std::max(discriminator, std::max(InitialDiscriminator, valueDecl->getLocalDiscriminator() + 1));
        }
      }

      // If this is a property wrapper, check for projected storage.
      if (auto var = dyn_cast<VarDecl>(valueDecl)) {
        if (auto auxVars = var->getPropertyWrapperAuxiliaryVariables()) {
          if (auxVars.backingVar && auxVars.backingVar != var)
            setLocalDiscriminator(auxVars.backingVar);

          // If there is a projection variable, give it a local discriminator.
          if (auxVars.projectionVar && auxVars.projectionVar != var) {
            if (var->hasLocalDiscriminator() &&
                var->getName() == auxVars.projectionVar->getName()) {
              auxVars.projectionVar->setLocalDiscriminator(
                  var->getRawLocalDiscriminator());
            } else {
              setLocalDiscriminator(auxVars.projectionVar);
            }
          }

          // For the wrapped local variable, adopt the same discriminator as
          // the parameter. For all intents and purposes, these are the same.
          if (auxVars.localWrappedValueVar &&
              auxVars.localWrappedValueVar != var) {
            if (var->hasLocalDiscriminator() &&
                var->getName() == auxVars.localWrappedValueVar->getName()) {
              auxVars.localWrappedValueVar->setLocalDiscriminator(
                  var->getRawLocalDiscriminator());
            } else {
              setLocalDiscriminator(
                  auxVars.localWrappedValueVar);
            }
          }
        }
      }
    }
  };
}

unsigned LocalDiscriminatorsRequest::evaluate(
    Evaluator &evaluator, DeclContext *dc
) const {
  ASTContext &ctx = dc->getASTContext();

  // Autoclosures aren't their own contexts; look to the parent instead.
  if (isa<AutoClosureExpr>(dc)) {
    return evaluateOrDefault(evaluator,
                             LocalDiscriminatorsRequest{dc->getParent()}, 0);
  }

  ASTNode node;
  ParameterList *params = nullptr;
  ParamDecl *selfParam = nullptr;
  if (auto func = dyn_cast<AbstractFunctionDecl>(dc)) {
    if (!func->isBodySkipped())
      node = func->getBody();
    selfParam = func->getImplicitSelfDecl();
    params = func->getParameters();

    // Accessors for lazy properties should be walked as part of the property's
    // pattern.
    if (auto accessor = dyn_cast<AccessorDecl>(func)) {
      if (accessor->isImplicit() &&
          accessor->getStorage()->getAttrs().hasAttribute<LazyAttr>()) {
        if (auto var = dyn_cast<VarDecl>(accessor->getStorage())) {
          if (auto binding = var->getParentPatternBinding()) {
            node = binding;
          }
        }
      }
    }
  } else if (auto closure = dyn_cast<ClosureExpr>(dc)) {
    node = closure->getBody();
    params = closure->getParameters();
  } else if (auto topLevel = dyn_cast<TopLevelCodeDecl>(dc)) {
    node = topLevel->getBody();
    dc = topLevel->getParentModule();
  } else if (auto patternBindingInit = dyn_cast<PatternBindingInitializer>(dc)){
    auto patternBinding = patternBindingInit->getBinding();
    node = patternBinding->getInit(patternBindingInit->getBindingIndex());
  } else if (auto defaultArgInit = dyn_cast<DefaultArgumentInitializer>(dc)) {
    auto param = getParameterAt(
        cast<ValueDecl>(dc->getParent()->getAsDecl()),
        defaultArgInit->getIndex());
    if (!param)
      return 0;

    node = param->getTypeCheckedDefaultExpr();
  } else if (auto propertyWrapperInit =
                 dyn_cast<PropertyWrapperInitializer>(dc)) {
    auto var = propertyWrapperInit->getWrappedVar();
    auto initInfo = var->getPropertyWrapperInitializerInfo();
    switch (propertyWrapperInit->getKind()) {
    case PropertyWrapperInitializer::Kind::WrappedValue:
      node = initInfo.getInitFromWrappedValue();
      break;

    case PropertyWrapperInitializer::Kind::ProjectedValue:
      node = initInfo.getInitFromProjectedValue();
      break;
    }
  } else {
    params = getParameterList(dc);
  }

  auto startDiscriminator = ctx.getNextDiscriminator(dc);
  if (!node && !params && !selfParam)
    return startDiscriminator;

  SetLocalDiscriminators visitor(startDiscriminator);

  // Set local discriminator for the 'self' parameter.
  if (selfParam)
    visitor.setLocalDiscriminator(selfParam);

  // Set local discriminators for the parameters, which might have property
  // wrappers that need it.
  if (params) {
    for (auto *param : *params)
      visitor.setLocalDiscriminator(param);
  }

  if (node)
    node.walk(visitor);

  unsigned nextDiscriminator = visitor.maxAssignedDiscriminator();
  ctx.setMaxAssignedDiscriminator(dc, nextDiscriminator);

  // Return the next discriminator.
  return nextDiscriminator;
}

/// Emits an error with a fixit for the case of unnecessary cast over a
/// OptionSet value. The primary motivation is to help with SDK changes.
/// Example:
/// \code
///   func supported() -> MyMask {
///     return Int(MyMask.Bingo.rawValue)
///   }
/// \endcode
static void tryDiagnoseUnnecessaryCastOverOptionSet(ASTContext &Ctx,
                                                    Expr *E,
                                                    Type ResultType) {
  auto *NTD = ResultType->getAnyNominal();
  if (!NTD)
    return;
  auto optionSetType = dyn_cast_or_null<ProtocolDecl>(Ctx.getOptionSetDecl());
  if (!optionSetType)
    return;
  if (!lookupConformance(ResultType, optionSetType))
    return;

  auto *CE = dyn_cast<CallExpr>(E);
  if (!CE)
    return;
  if (!isa<ConstructorRefCallExpr>(CE->getFn()))
    return;
  auto *unaryArg = CE->getArgs()->getUnlabeledUnaryExpr();
  if (!unaryArg)
    return;
  auto *ME = dyn_cast<MemberRefExpr>(unaryArg);
  if (!ME)
    return;
  ValueDecl *VD = ME->getMember().getDecl();
  if (!VD || VD->getBaseName() != Ctx.Id_rawValue)
    return;
  auto *BME = dyn_cast<MemberRefExpr>(ME->getBase());
  if (!BME)
    return;
  if (!BME->getType()->isEqual(ResultType))
    return;

  Ctx.Diags.diagnose(E->getLoc(), diag::unnecessary_cast_over_optionset,
                     ResultType)
    .highlight(E->getSourceRange())
    .fixItRemoveChars(E->getLoc(), ME->getStartLoc())
    .fixItRemove(SourceRange(ME->getDotLoc(), E->getEndLoc()));
}

/// Whether the given enclosing context is a "defer" body.
static bool isDefer(DeclContext *dc) {
  if (auto *func = dyn_cast<FuncDecl>(dc))
    return func->isDeferBody();

  return false;
}

/// Climb the context to find the method or accessor we're within. We do not
/// look past local functions or closures, since those cannot contain a
/// discard statement.
/// \param dc the inner decl context containing the discard statement
/// \return either the type member we reside in, or the offending context that
///         stopped the search for the type member (e.g. closure).
static DeclContext *climbContextForDiscardStmt(DeclContext *dc) {
  do {
    if (auto decl = dc->getAsDecl()) {
      auto func = dyn_cast<AbstractFunctionDecl>(decl);
      // If we found a non-func decl, we're done.
      if (func == nullptr)
        break;

      // If this function's parent is the type context, our search is done.
      if (func->getDeclContext()->isTypeContext())
        break;

      // Only continue if we're in a defer. We want to stop at the first local
      // function or closure.
      if (!isDefer(dc))
        break;
    }
  } while ((dc = dc->getParent()));

  return dc;
}

/// Check that a labeled statement doesn't shadow another statement with the
/// same label.
static void checkLabeledStmtShadowing(
    ASTContext &ctx, SourceFile *sourceFile, LabeledStmt *ls) {
  auto name = ls->getLabelInfo().Name;
  if (name.empty() || !sourceFile || ls->getStartLoc().isInvalid())
    return;

  auto activeLabeledStmtsVec = ASTScope::lookupLabeledStmts(
      sourceFile, ls->getStartLoc());
  auto activeLabeledStmts = llvm::ArrayRef(activeLabeledStmtsVec);
  for (auto prevLS : activeLabeledStmts.slice(1)) {
    if (prevLS->getLabelInfo().Name == name) {
      ctx.Diags.diagnose(
          ls->getLabelInfo().Loc, diag::label_shadowed, name);
      ctx.Diags.diagnose(
          prevLS->getLabelInfo().Loc, diag::invalid_redecl_prev_name, name);
    }
  }
}

static void
emitUnresolvedLabelDiagnostics(DiagnosticEngine &DE,
                               SourceLoc targetLoc, Identifier targetName,
                               TopCollection<unsigned, LabeledStmt *> corrections) {
  // If an unresolved label was used, but we have a single correction,
  // produce the specific diagnostic and fixit.
  if (corrections.size() == 1) {
    DE.diagnose(targetLoc, diag::unresolved_label_corrected,
                targetName, corrections.begin()->Value->getLabelInfo().Name)
      .highlight(SourceRange(targetLoc))
      .fixItReplace(SourceRange(targetLoc),
                    corrections.begin()->Value->getLabelInfo().Name.str());
    DE.diagnose(corrections.begin()->Value->getLabelInfo().Loc,
                diag::name_declared_here,
                corrections.begin()->Value->getLabelInfo().Name);
  } else {
    // If we have multiple corrections or none, produce a generic diagnostic
    // and all corrections available.
    DE.diagnose(targetLoc, diag::unresolved_label, targetName)
      .highlight(SourceRange(targetLoc));
    for (auto &entry : corrections)
      DE.diagnose(entry.Value->getLabelInfo().Loc, diag::note_typo_candidate,
                  entry.Value->getLabelInfo().Name.str())
        .fixItReplace(SourceRange(targetLoc),
                      entry.Value->getLabelInfo().Name.str());
  }
}

/// Find the target of a break or continue statement without a label.
///
/// \returns the target, if one was found, or \c nullptr if no such target
/// exists.
static LabeledStmt *findUnlabeledBreakOrContinueStmtTarget(
    ASTContext &ctx, SourceFile *sourceFile, SourceLoc loc,
    bool isContinue, DeclContext *dc,
    ArrayRef<LabeledStmt *> activeLabeledStmts) {
  for (auto labeledStmt : activeLabeledStmts) {
    // 'break' with no label looks through non-loop structures
    // except 'switch'.
    // 'continue' ignores non-loop structures.
    if (!labeledStmt->requiresLabelOnJump() &&
        (!isContinue || labeledStmt->isPossibleContinueTarget())) {
      return labeledStmt;
    }
  }

  // If we're in a defer, produce a tailored diagnostic.
  if (isDefer(dc)) {
    ctx.Diags.diagnose(
        loc, diag::jump_out_of_defer, isContinue ? "continue": "break");
    return nullptr;
  }

  // If we're dealing with an unlabeled break inside of an 'if' or 'do'
  // statement, produce a more specific error.
  if (!isContinue &&
      llvm::any_of(activeLabeledStmts,
                   [&](Stmt *S) -> bool {
                     return isa<IfStmt>(S) || isa<DoStmt>(S);
                   })) {
    ctx.Diags.diagnose(
        loc, diag::unlabeled_break_outside_loop);
    return nullptr;
  }

  // Otherwise produce a generic error.
  ctx.Diags.diagnose(
      loc,
      isContinue ? diag::continue_outside_loop : diag::break_outside_loop);
  return nullptr;
}

/// Find the target of a break or continue statement.
///
/// \returns the target, if one was found, or \c nullptr if no such target
/// exists.
LabeledStmt *swift::findBreakOrContinueStmtTarget(
    ASTContext &ctx, SourceFile *sourceFile,
    SourceLoc loc, Identifier targetName, SourceLoc targetLoc,
    bool isContinue, DeclContext *dc) {

  // Retrieve the active set of labeled statements.
  SmallVector<LabeledStmt *, 4> activeLabeledStmts;
  activeLabeledStmts = ASTScope::lookupLabeledStmts(sourceFile, loc);

  // Handle an unlabeled break separately; that's the easy case.
  if (targetName.empty()) {
    return findUnlabeledBreakOrContinueStmtTarget(
        ctx, sourceFile, loc, isContinue, dc, activeLabeledStmts);
  }

  // Scan inside out until we find something with the right label.
  TopCollection<unsigned, LabeledStmt *> labelCorrections(3);
  for (auto labeledStmt : activeLabeledStmts) {
    if (targetName == labeledStmt->getLabelInfo().Name) {
      // Continue cannot be used to repeat switches, use fallthrough instead.
      if (isContinue && !labeledStmt->isPossibleContinueTarget()) {
        ctx.Diags.diagnose(
            loc, diag::continue_not_in_this_stmt,
            isa<SwitchStmt>(labeledStmt) ? "switch" : "if");
        return nullptr;
      }

      return labeledStmt;
    }

    unsigned distance =
      TypeChecker::getCallEditDistance(
          DeclNameRef(targetName),
          labeledStmt->getLabelInfo().Name,
          TypeChecker::UnreasonableCallEditDistance);
    if (distance < TypeChecker::UnreasonableCallEditDistance)
      labelCorrections.insert(distance, std::move(labeledStmt));
  }
  labelCorrections.filterMaxScoreRange(
    TypeChecker::MaxCallEditDistanceFromBestCandidate);

  // If we're in a defer, produce a tailored diagnostic.
  if (isDefer(dc)) {
    ctx.Diags.diagnose(
        loc, diag::jump_out_of_defer, isContinue ? "continue": "break");
    return nullptr;
  }

  // Provide potential corrections for an incorrect label.
  emitUnresolvedLabelDiagnostics(
      ctx.Diags, targetLoc, targetName, labelCorrections);
  return nullptr;
}

LabeledStmt *
BreakTargetRequest::evaluate(Evaluator &evaluator, const BreakStmt *BS) const {
  auto *DC = BS->getDeclContext();
  return findBreakOrContinueStmtTarget(
      DC->getASTContext(), DC->getParentSourceFile(), BS->getLoc(),
      BS->getTargetName(), BS->getTargetLoc(), /*isContinue*/ false, DC);
}

LabeledStmt *
ContinueTargetRequest::evaluate(Evaluator &evaluator,
                                const ContinueStmt *CS) const {
  auto *DC = CS->getDeclContext();
  return findBreakOrContinueStmtTarget(
      DC->getASTContext(), DC->getParentSourceFile(), CS->getLoc(),
      CS->getTargetName(), CS->getTargetLoc(), /*isContinue*/ true, DC);
}

FallthroughSourceAndDest
FallthroughSourceAndDestRequest::evaluate(Evaluator &evaluator,
                                          const FallthroughStmt *FS) const {
  auto *SF = FS->getDeclContext()->getParentSourceFile();
  auto &ctx = SF->getASTContext();
  auto loc = FS->getLoc();

  auto [src, dest] = ASTScope::lookupFallthroughSourceAndDest(SF, loc);
  if (!src) {
    ctx.Diags.diagnose(loc, diag::fallthrough_outside_switch);
    return {};
  }
  if (!dest) {
    ctx.Diags.diagnose(loc, diag::fallthrough_from_last_case);
    return {};
  }
  return {src, dest};
}

static Expr *getDeclRefProvidingExpressionForHasSymbol(Expr *E) {
  // Strip coercions, which are necessary in source to disambiguate overloaded
  // functions or generic functions, e.g.
  //
  //   if #_hasSymbol(foo as () -> ()) { ... }
  //
  if (auto CE = dyn_cast<CoerceExpr>(E))
    return getDeclRefProvidingExpressionForHasSymbol(CE->getSubExpr());

  // Unwrap curry thunks which are injected into the AST to wrap some forms of
  // unapplied method references, e.g.
  //
  //   if #_hasSymbol(SomeStruct.foo(_:)) { ... }
  //
  if (auto ACE = dyn_cast<AutoClosureExpr>(E))
    return getDeclRefProvidingExpressionForHasSymbol(
        ACE->getUnwrappedCurryThunkExpr());

  // Drill into the function expression for a DotSyntaxCallExpr. These sometimes
  // wrap or are wrapped by an AutoClosureExpr.
  //
  //   if #_hasSymbol(someStruct.foo(_:)) { ... }
  //
  if (auto DSCE = dyn_cast<DotSyntaxCallExpr>(E))
    return getDeclRefProvidingExpressionForHasSymbol(DSCE->getFn());

  return E;
}

ConcreteDeclRef TypeChecker::getReferencedDeclForHasSymbolCondition(Expr *E) {
  // Match DotSelfExprs (e.g. `SomeStruct.self`) when the type is static.
  if (auto DSE = dyn_cast<DotSelfExpr>(E)) {
    if (DSE->isStaticallyDerivedMetatype())
      return DSE->getType()->getMetatypeInstanceType()->getAnyNominal();
  }

  if (auto declRefExpr = getDeclRefProvidingExpressionForHasSymbol(E)) {
    if (auto CDR = declRefExpr->getReferencedDecl())
      return CDR;
  }

  return ConcreteDeclRef();
}

static bool typeCheckHasSymbolStmtConditionElement(StmtConditionElement &elt,
                                                   DeclContext *dc) {
  auto Info = elt.getHasSymbolInfo();
  auto E = Info->getSymbolExpr();
  if (!E)
    return false;

  auto exprTy = TypeChecker::typeCheckExpression(E, dc);
  Info->setSymbolExpr(E);

  if (!exprTy) {
    Info->setInvalid();
    return true;
  }

  Info->setReferencedDecl(
      TypeChecker::getReferencedDeclForHasSymbolCondition(E));
  return false;
}

static bool typeCheckBooleanStmtConditionElement(StmtConditionElement &elt,
                                                 DeclContext *dc) {
  Expr *E = elt.getBoolean();
  assert(!E->getType() && "the bool condition is already type checked");
  bool hadError = TypeChecker::typeCheckCondition(E, dc);
  elt.setBoolean(E);
  return hadError;
}

static bool
typeCheckPatternBindingStmtConditionElement(StmtConditionElement &elt,
                                            bool &isFalsable, DeclContext *dc) {
  auto &Context = dc->getASTContext();

  // This is cleanup goop run on the various paths where type checking of the
  // pattern binding fails.
  auto typeCheckPatternFailed = [&] {
    elt.getPattern()->setType(ErrorType::get(Context));
    elt.getInitializer()->setType(ErrorType::get(Context));

    elt.getPattern()->forEachVariable([&](VarDecl *var) {
      // Don't change the type of a variable that we've been able to
      // compute a type for.
      if (var->hasInterfaceType() && !var->isInvalid())
        return;
      var->setInvalid();
    });
  };

  // Resolve the pattern.
  assert(!elt.getPattern()->hasType() &&
         "the pattern binding condition is already type checked");
  auto *pattern = TypeChecker::resolvePattern(elt.getPattern(), dc,
                                              /*isStmtCondition*/ true);
  if (!pattern) {
    typeCheckPatternFailed();
    return true;
  }
  elt.setPattern(pattern);

  // Check the pattern, it allows unspecified types because the pattern can
  // provide type information.
  auto contextualPattern = ContextualPattern::forRawPattern(pattern, dc);
  Type patternType = TypeChecker::typeCheckPattern(contextualPattern);
  if (patternType->hasError()) {
    typeCheckPatternFailed();
    return true;
  }

  // If the pattern didn't get a type, it's because we ran into some
  // unknown types along the way. We'll need to check the initializer.
  auto init = elt.getInitializer();
  bool hadError = TypeChecker::typeCheckBinding(pattern, init, dc, patternType);
  elt.setPattern(pattern);
  elt.setInitializer(init);
  
  isFalsable |= pattern->isRefutablePattern();
  return hadError;
}

bool TypeChecker::typeCheckStmtConditionElement(StmtConditionElement &elt,
                                                bool &isFalsable,
                                                DeclContext *dc) {
  switch (elt.getKind()) {
  case StmtConditionElement::CK_Availability:
    isFalsable = true;
    return false;
  case StmtConditionElement::CK_HasSymbol:
    isFalsable = true;
    return typeCheckHasSymbolStmtConditionElement(elt, dc);
  case StmtConditionElement::CK_Boolean:
    isFalsable = true;
    return typeCheckBooleanStmtConditionElement(elt, dc);
  case StmtConditionElement::CK_PatternBinding:
    return typeCheckPatternBindingStmtConditionElement(elt, isFalsable, dc);
  }
}

/// Type check the given 'if', 'while', or 'guard' statement condition.
///
/// \param stmt The conditional statement to type-check, which will be modified
/// in place.
///
/// \returns true if an error occurred, false otherwise.
static bool typeCheckConditionForStatement(LabeledConditionalStmt *stmt,
                                           DeclContext *dc) {
  bool hadError = false;
  bool hadAnyFalsable = false;
  auto cond = stmt->getCond();
  for (auto &elt : cond) {
    hadError |=
        TypeChecker::typeCheckStmtConditionElement(elt, hadAnyFalsable, dc);
  }

  // If the binding is not refutable, and there *is* an else, reject it as
  // unreachable.
  if (!hadAnyFalsable && !hadError) {
    auto &diags = dc->getASTContext().Diags;
    Diag<> msg = diag::invalid_diagnostic;
    switch (stmt->getKind()) {
    case StmtKind::If:
      msg = diag::if_always_true;
      break;
    case StmtKind::While:
      msg = diag::while_always_true;
      break;
    case StmtKind::Guard:
      msg = diag::guard_always_succeeds;
      break;
    default:
      llvm_unreachable("unknown LabeledConditionalStmt kind");
    }
    diags.diagnose(cond[0].getStartLoc(), msg);
  }

  stmt->setCond(cond);
  return false;
}

/// Check the correctness of a 'fallthrough' statement.
///
/// \returns true if an error occurred.
bool swift::checkFallthroughStmt(FallthroughStmt *FS) {
  auto &ctx = FS->getDeclContext()->getASTContext();
  auto *caseBlock = FS->getFallthroughDest();
  auto *previousBlock = FS->getFallthroughSource();
  if (!previousBlock || !caseBlock)
    return true;

  // Verify that the pattern bindings for the cases that we're falling through
  // from and to are equivalent.
  auto firstPattern = caseBlock->getCaseLabelItems()[0].getPattern();
  SmallVector<VarDecl *, 4> vars;
  firstPattern->collectVariables(vars);

  // We know that the typechecker has already guaranteed that all of
  // the case label items in the fallthrough have the same var
  // decls. So if we match against the case body var decls,
  // transitively we will match all of the other case label items in
  // the fallthrough destination as well.
  auto previousVars = previousBlock->getCaseBodyVariablesOrEmptyArray();
  for (auto *expected : vars) {
    bool matched = false;
    if (!expected->hasName())
      continue;

    for (auto *previous : previousVars) {
      if (!previous->hasName() ||
          expected->getName() != previous->getName()) {
        continue;
      }

      if (!previous->getTypeInContext()->isEqual(expected->getTypeInContext())) {
        ctx.Diags.diagnose(
            previous->getLoc(), diag::type_mismatch_fallthrough_pattern_list,
            previous->getTypeInContext(), expected->getTypeInContext());
        previous->setInvalid();
        expected->setInvalid();
      }

      // Ok, we found our match. Make the previous fallthrough statement var
      // decl our parent var decl.
      expected->setParentVarDecl(previous);
      matched = true;
      break;
    }

    if (!matched) {
      ctx.Diags.diagnose(
          FS->getLoc(), diag::fallthrough_into_case_with_var_binding,
          expected->getName());
    }
  }
  return false;
}

namespace {
class StmtChecker : public StmtVisitor<StmtChecker, Stmt*> {
public:
  ASTContext &Ctx;

  /// DC - This is the current DeclContext.
  DeclContext *DC;

  /// Skip type checking any elements inside 'BraceStmt', also this is
  /// propagated to ConstraintSystem.
  bool LeaveBraceStmtBodyUnchecked = false;

  ASTContext &getASTContext() const { return Ctx; };

  StmtChecker(DeclContext *DC) : Ctx(DC->getASTContext()), DC(DC) { }

  //===--------------------------------------------------------------------===//
  // Helper Functions.
  //===--------------------------------------------------------------------===//
  
  bool isInDefer() const {
    return isDefer(DC);
  }
  
  template<typename StmtTy>
  bool typeCheckStmt(StmtTy *&S) {
    FrontendStatsTracer StatsTracer(getASTContext().Stats,
                                    "typecheck-stmt", S);
    PrettyStackTraceStmt trace(getASTContext(), "type-checking", S);
    StmtTy *S2 = cast_or_null<StmtTy>(visit(S));
    if (S2 == nullptr)
      return true;
    S = S2;
    performStmtDiagnostics(S, DC);
    return false;
  }

  /// Type-check an entire function body.
  bool typeCheckBody(BraceStmt *&S) {
    bool HadError = typeCheckStmt(S);
    ContextualizationWalker::contextualize(S, DC);
    return HadError;
  }

  void typeCheckASTNode(ASTNode &node);
  
  //===--------------------------------------------------------------------===//
  // Visit Methods.
  //===--------------------------------------------------------------------===//

  Stmt *visitBraceStmt(BraceStmt *BS);

  Stmt *visitReturnStmt(ReturnStmt *RS) {
    // First, let's do a pre-check, and bail if the return is completely
    // invalid.
    auto &eval = getASTContext().evaluator;
    auto *S =
        evaluateOrDefault(eval, PreCheckReturnStmtRequest{RS, DC}, nullptr);

    // We do a cast here as it may have been turned into a FailStmt. We should
    // return that without doing anything else.
    RS = dyn_cast_or_null<ReturnStmt>(S);
    if (!RS)
      return S;

    auto TheFunc = AnyFunctionRef::fromDeclContext(DC);
    assert(TheFunc && "Should have bailed from pre-check if this is None");

    Type ResultTy = TheFunc->getBodyResultType();
    if (!ResultTy || ResultTy->hasError())
      return nullptr;

    if (!RS->hasResult()) {
      if (!ResultTy->isVoid())
        getASTContext().Diags.diagnose(RS->getReturnLoc(),
                                       diag::return_expr_missing);
      return RS;
    }

    using namespace constraints;
    auto target = SyntacticElementTarget::forReturn(RS, ResultTy, DC);
    auto resultTarget = TypeChecker::typeCheckTarget(target);
    if (resultTarget) {
      RS->setResult(resultTarget->getAsExpr());
    } else {
      tryDiagnoseUnnecessaryCastOverOptionSet(getASTContext(), RS->getResult(),
                                              ResultTy);
    }
    return RS;
  }

  Stmt *visitYieldStmt(YieldStmt *YS) {
    // If the yield is in a defer, then it isn't valid.
    if (isInDefer()) {
      getASTContext().Diags.diagnose(YS->getYieldLoc(),
                                     diag::jump_out_of_defer, "yield");
      return YS;
    }

    SmallVector<AnyFunctionType::Yield, 4> buffer;
    auto TheFunc = AnyFunctionRef::fromDeclContext(DC);
    auto yieldResults = TheFunc->getBodyYieldResults(buffer);

    auto yieldExprs = YS->getMutableYields();
    if (yieldExprs.size() != yieldResults.size()) {
      getASTContext().Diags.diagnose(YS->getYieldLoc(), diag::bad_yield_count,
                  yieldResults.size());
      return YS;
    }

    for (auto i : indices(yieldExprs)) {
      Type yieldType = yieldResults[i].getType();
      auto exprToCheck = yieldExprs[i];

      InOutExpr *inout = nullptr;
      UnsafeExpr *unsafeExpr = nullptr;

      // Classify whether we're yielding by reference or by value.
      ContextualTypePurpose contextTypePurpose;
      Type contextType = yieldType;
      if (yieldResults[i].isInOut()) {
        contextTypePurpose = CTP_YieldByReference;
        contextType = LValueType::get(contextType);

        // If present, remove an enclosing 'unsafe' expression.
        unsafeExpr = dyn_cast<UnsafeExpr>(exprToCheck);
        if (unsafeExpr)
          exprToCheck = unsafeExpr->getSubExpr();

        // Check that the yielded expression is a &.
        if ((inout = dyn_cast<InOutExpr>(exprToCheck))) {
          // Strip the & off so that the constraint system doesn't complain
          // about the unparented &.
          exprToCheck = inout->getSubExpr();
        } else {
          getASTContext().Diags.diagnose(exprToCheck->getLoc(),
                      diag::missing_address_of_yield, yieldType)
            .highlight(exprToCheck->getSourceRange());
          inout = new (getASTContext()) InOutExpr(exprToCheck->getStartLoc(),
                                             exprToCheck,
                                             Type(), /*implicit*/ true);
        }
      } else {
        contextTypePurpose = CTP_YieldByValue;
      }

      TypeChecker::typeCheckExpression(exprToCheck, DC,
                                       {contextType, contextTypePurpose});

      // Propagate the change into the inout expression we stripped before.
      if (inout) {
        inout->setSubExpr(exprToCheck);
        inout->setType(InOutType::get(yieldType));
        exprToCheck = inout;
      }

      // Propagate the change to the unsafe expression we stripped before.
      if (unsafeExpr) {
        unsafeExpr->setSubExpr(exprToCheck);
        unsafeExpr->setType(exprToCheck->getType());
        exprToCheck = unsafeExpr;
      }

      // Note that this modifies the statement's expression list in-place.
      yieldExprs[i] = exprToCheck;
    }
    return YS;
  }

  Stmt *visitThenStmt(ThenStmt *TS) {
    // These are invalid outside of if/switch expressions, but let's type-check
    // to get extra diagnostics.
    getASTContext().Diags.diagnose(TS->getThenLoc(),
                                   diag::out_of_place_then_stmt);
    auto *E = TS->getResult();
    TypeChecker::typeCheckExpression(E, DC);
    TS->setResult(E);
    return TS;
  }

  Stmt *visitThrowStmt(ThrowStmt *TS) {
    // Coerce the operand to the exception type.
    auto E = TS->getSubExpr();

    // Look up the catch node for this "throw" to determine the error type.
    CatchNode catchNode = ASTScope::lookupCatchNode(
        DC->getParentModule(), TS->getThrowLoc());
    Type errorType;
    if (catchNode) {
      errorType = catchNode.getThrownErrorTypeInContext(Ctx).value_or(Type());
    }

    // If there was no error type, use 'any Error'. We'll check it later.
    if (!errorType) {
      errorType = getASTContext().getErrorExistentialType();
    }

    if (!errorType)
      return TS;

    TypeChecker::typeCheckExpression(E, DC, {errorType, CTP_ThrowStmt});
    TS->setSubExpr(E);

    return TS;
  }

  Stmt *visitDiscardStmt(DiscardStmt *DS) {
    // There are a lot of rules about whether a discard statement is even valid.
    //
    // The order of the checks below roughly reflects a sort of funneling from
    // least correct to most correct usage, while aiming to not emit more than
    // one diagnostic for misuse, since there are so many ways you can write it
    // in the wrong place.

    constraints::ContextualTypeInfo contextualInfo;
    auto &ctx = getASTContext();
    bool diagnosed = false;

    auto *outerDC = climbContextForDiscardStmt(DC);
    AbstractFunctionDecl *fn = nullptr; // the type member we reside in.
    if (outerDC->getParent()->isTypeContext()) {
      fn = dyn_cast<AbstractFunctionDecl>(outerDC);
    }

    // The discard statement must be in some type's member.
    if (!fn) {
      // Then we're not in some type's member function; emit diagnostics.
      if (auto decl = outerDC->getAsDecl()) {
        ctx.Diags.diagnose(DS->getDiscardLoc(), diag::discard_wrong_context_decl,
                           decl->getDescriptiveKind());
      } else if (isa<AbstractClosureExpr>(outerDC)) {
        ctx.Diags.diagnose(DS->getDiscardLoc(),
                           diag::discard_wrong_context_closure);
      } else {
        ctx.Diags.diagnose(DS->getDiscardLoc(), diag::discard_wrong_context_misc);
      }
      diagnosed = true;
    }

    // Member function-like-thing must have a 'self' and not be a destructor.
    if (!diagnosed) {
      // Save this for SILGen, since Stmt's don't know their decl context.
      DS->setInnermostMethodContext(fn);

      if (fn->isStatic() || isa<DestructorDecl>(fn)
          || isa<ConstructorDecl>(fn)) {
        ctx.Diags.diagnose(DS->getDiscardLoc(), diag::discard_wrong_context_decl,
                           fn->getDescriptiveKind());
        diagnosed = true;
      }
    }

    // check the kind of type this discard statement appears within.
    if (!diagnosed) {
      auto *nominalDecl = fn->getDeclContext()->getSelfNominalTypeDecl();
      Type nominalType =
          fn->mapTypeIntoContext(nominalDecl->getDeclaredInterfaceType());

      // must be noncopyable
      if (!nominalType->isNoncopyable()) {
        ctx.Diags.diagnose(DS->getDiscardLoc(),
                           diag::discard_wrong_context_copyable,
                           fn->getDescriptiveKind());
        diagnosed = true;

      // has to have a deinit or else it's pointless.
      } else if (!nominalDecl->getValueTypeDestructor()) {
        ctx.Diags.diagnose(DS->getDiscardLoc(),
                           diag::discard_no_deinit,
                           nominalType)
            .fixItRemove(DS->getSourceRange());
        diagnosed = true;
      } else {
        // Set the contextual type for the sub-expression before we typecheck.
        contextualInfo = {nominalType, CTP_DiscardStmt};

        // Now verify that we're not discarding a type from another module.
        //
        // NOTE: We could do a proper resilience check instead of just asking
        // if the modules differ, so that you can discard a @frozen type from a
        // resilient module. But for now the proposal simply says that it has to
        // be the same module, which is probably better for everyone.
        auto *fnModule = fn->getModuleContext();
        auto *typeModule = nominalDecl->getModuleContext();
        if (fnModule != typeModule) {
          ctx.Diags.diagnose(DS->getDiscardLoc(), diag::discard_wrong_module,
                             nominalType);
          diagnosed = true;
        } else {
          assert(
              !nominalDecl->isResilient(fnModule, ResilienceExpansion::Maximal)
                  && "trying to discard a type resilient to us!");
        }
      }
    }

    {
      // Typecheck the sub expression unconditionally.
      auto E = DS->getSubExpr();
      TypeChecker::typeCheckExpression(E, DC, contextualInfo);
      DS->setSubExpr(E);
    }

    // Can only 'discard self'. This check must happen after typechecking.
    if (!diagnosed) {
      bool isSelf = false;
      auto *checkE = DS->getSubExpr();
      assert(fn->getImplicitSelfDecl() && "no self?");

      // Look through a load. Only expected if we're in an init.
      if (auto *load = dyn_cast<LoadExpr>(checkE))
          checkE = load->getSubExpr();

      if (auto DRE = dyn_cast<DeclRefExpr>(checkE))
        isSelf = DRE->getDecl() == fn->getImplicitSelfDecl();

      if (!isSelf) {
        ctx.Diags
            .diagnose(DS->getStartLoc(), diag::discard_wrong_not_self)
            .fixItReplace(DS->getSubExpr()->getSourceRange(), "self");
        diagnosed = true;
      }
    }

    // The 'self' parameter must be owned (aka "consuming").
    if (!diagnosed) {
      if (auto *funcDecl = dyn_cast<FuncDecl>(fn)) {
        switch (funcDecl->getSelfAccessKind()) {
        case SelfAccessKind::LegacyConsuming:
        case SelfAccessKind::Consuming:
          break;
          
        case SelfAccessKind::Borrowing:
        case SelfAccessKind::NonMutating:
        case SelfAccessKind::Mutating:
          ctx.Diags.diagnose(DS->getDiscardLoc(),
                             diag::discard_wrong_context_nonconsuming,
                             fn->getDescriptiveKind());
          diagnosed = true;
          break;
        }
      }
    }

    return DS;
  }

  Stmt *visitPoundAssertStmt(PoundAssertStmt *PA) {
    Expr *C = PA->getCondition();
    TypeChecker::typeCheckCondition(C, DC);
    PA->setCondition(C);
    return PA;
  }
    
  Stmt *visitDeferStmt(DeferStmt *DS) {
    TypeChecker::typeCheckDecl(DS->getTempDecl());

    Expr *theCall = DS->getCallExpr();
    TypeChecker::typeCheckExpression(theCall, DC);
    DS->setCallExpr(theCall);

    return DS;
  }
  
  Stmt *visitIfStmt(IfStmt *IS) {
    typeCheckConditionForStatement(IS, DC);

    auto sourceFile = DC->getParentSourceFile();
    checkLabeledStmtShadowing(getASTContext(), sourceFile, IS);

    auto *TS = IS->getThenStmt();
    typeCheckStmt(TS);
    IS->setThenStmt(TS);

    if (auto *ES = IS->getElseStmt()) {
      typeCheckStmt(ES);
      IS->setElseStmt(ES);
    }

    return IS;
  }
  
  Stmt *visitGuardStmt(GuardStmt *GS) {
    typeCheckConditionForStatement(GS, DC);

    BraceStmt *S = GS->getBody();
    typeCheckStmt(S);
    GS->setBody(S);
    return GS;
  }

  Stmt *visitDoStmt(DoStmt *DS) {
    auto sourceFile = DC->getParentSourceFile();
    checkLabeledStmtShadowing(getASTContext(), sourceFile, DS);

    BraceStmt *S = DS->getBody();
    typeCheckStmt(S);
    DS->setBody(S);
    return DS;
  }
  
  Stmt *visitWhileStmt(WhileStmt *WS) {
    typeCheckConditionForStatement(WS, DC);

    auto sourceFile = DC->getParentSourceFile();
    checkLabeledStmtShadowing(getASTContext(), sourceFile, WS);

    Stmt *S = WS->getBody();
    typeCheckStmt(S);
    WS->setBody(S);
    
    return WS;
  }
  Stmt *visitRepeatWhileStmt(RepeatWhileStmt *RWS) {
    auto sourceFile = DC->getParentSourceFile();
    checkLabeledStmtShadowing(getASTContext(), sourceFile, RWS);

    Stmt *S = RWS->getBody();
    typeCheckStmt(S);
    RWS->setBody(S);

    Expr *E = RWS->getCond();
    TypeChecker::typeCheckCondition(E, DC);
    RWS->setCond(E);
    return RWS;
  }
  
  Stmt *visitForEachStmt(ForEachStmt *S) {
    if (TypeChecker::typeCheckForEachPreamble(DC, S))
      return nullptr;

    // Type-check the body of the loop.
    auto sourceFile = DC->getParentSourceFile();
    checkLabeledStmtShadowing(getASTContext(), sourceFile, S);

    BraceStmt *Body = S->getBody();
    typeCheckStmt(Body);
    S->setBody(Body);

    return S;
  }

  Stmt *visitBreakStmt(BreakStmt *S) {
    // Force the target to be computed in case it produces diagnostics.
    (void)S->getTarget();
    return S;
  }

  Stmt *visitContinueStmt(ContinueStmt *S) {
    // Force the target to be computed in case it produces diagnostics.
    (void)S->getTarget();
    return S;
  }

  Stmt *visitFallthroughStmt(FallthroughStmt *S) {
    if (checkFallthroughStmt(S))
      return nullptr;

    return S;
  }

  void checkCaseLabelItemPattern(CaseStmt *caseBlock, CaseLabelItem &labelItem,
                                 CaseParentKind parentKind,
                                 bool &limitExhaustivityChecks,
                                 Type subjectType) {
    Pattern *pattern = labelItem.getPattern();
    if (!labelItem.isPatternResolved()) {
      pattern = TypeChecker::resolvePattern(
          pattern, DC, /*isStmtCondition*/ false);
      if (!pattern) {
        return;
      }
    }

    // Coerce the pattern to the subject's type.
    bool coercionError = false;
    if (subjectType) {
      auto contextualPattern = ContextualPattern::forRawPattern(pattern, DC);
      TypeResolutionOptions patternOptions(TypeResolverContext::InExpression);
      if (parentKind == CaseParentKind::DoCatch)
        patternOptions |= TypeResolutionFlags::SilenceNeverWarnings;

      auto coercedPattern = TypeChecker::coercePatternToType(
          contextualPattern, subjectType, patternOptions);
      if (coercedPattern)
        pattern = coercedPattern;
      else
        coercionError = true;
    }

    if (!subjectType || coercionError) {
      limitExhaustivityChecks = true;

      // If that failed, mark any variables binding pieces of the pattern
      // as invalid to silence follow-on errors.
      pattern->forEachVariable([&](VarDecl *VD) {
        VD->setInvalid();
      });
    }
    labelItem.setPattern(pattern, /*resolved=*/true);

    // Otherwise for each variable in the pattern, make sure its type is
    // identical to the initial case decl and stash the previous case decl as
    // the parent of the decl.
    pattern->forEachVariable([&](VarDecl *vd) {
      if (!vd->hasName() || vd->isInvalid())
        return;

      // We know that prev var decls matches the initial var decl. So if we can
      // match prevVarDecls, we can also match initial var decl... So for each
      // decl in prevVarDecls...
      auto expected = vd->getParentVarDecl();
      if (!expected)
        return;

      // Then we check for errors.
      //
      // NOTE: We emit the diagnostics against the initial case label item var
      // decl associated with expected to ensure that we always emit
      // diagnostics against a single reference var decl. If we used expected
      // instead, we would emit confusing diagnostics since a correct var decl
      // after an incorrect var decl will be marked as incorrect. For instance
      // given the following case statement.
      //
      //   case .a(let x), .b(var x), .c(let x):
      //
      // if we use expected, we will emit errors saying that .b(var x) needs
      // to be a let and .c(let x) needs to be a var. Thus if one
      // automatically applied both fix-its, one would still get an error
      // producing program:
      //
      //   case .a(let x), .b(let x), .c(var x):
      //
      // More complex case label item lists could cause even longer fixup
      // sequences. Thus, we emit errors against the VarDecl associated with
      // expected in the initial case label item list.
      //
      // Luckily, it is easy for us to compute this since we only change the
      // parent field of the initial case label item's VarDecls /after/ we
      // finish updating the parent pointers of the VarDecls associated with
      // all other CaseLabelItems. So that initial group of VarDecls are
      // guaranteed to still have a parent pointer pointing at our
      // CaseStmt. Since we have setup the parent pointer VarDecl linked list
      // for all other CaseLabelItem var decls that we have already processed,
      // we can use our VarDecl linked list to find that initial case label
      // item VarDecl.
      auto *initialCaseVarDecl = expected;
      while (auto *prev = initialCaseVarDecl->getParentVarDecl()) {
        initialCaseVarDecl = prev;
      }
      assert(isa<CaseStmt>(initialCaseVarDecl->getParentPatternStmt()));

      if (!initialCaseVarDecl->isInvalid() &&
          !vd->getInterfaceType()->isEqual(initialCaseVarDecl->getInterfaceType())) {
        getASTContext().Diags.diagnose(
            vd->getLoc(), diag::type_mismatch_multiple_pattern_list,
            vd->getInterfaceType(), initialCaseVarDecl->getInterfaceType());
        vd->setInvalid();
        initialCaseVarDecl->setInvalid();
      }
    });
  }

  template <typename Iterator>
  void checkSiblingCaseStmts(Iterator casesBegin, Iterator casesEnd,
                             CaseParentKind parentKind,
                             bool &limitExhaustivityChecks, Type subjectType) {
    static_assert(
        std::is_same<typename std::iterator_traits<Iterator>::value_type,
                     CaseStmt *>::value,
        "Expected an iterator over CaseStmt *");

    // First pass: check all of the bindings.
    for (auto *caseBlock : make_range(casesBegin, casesEnd)) {
      // Bind all of the pattern variables together so we can follow the
      // "parent" pointers later on.
      bindSwitchCasePatternVars(DC, caseBlock);

      auto caseLabelItemArray = caseBlock->getMutableCaseLabelItems();
      for (auto &labelItem : caseLabelItemArray) {
        // Resolve the pattern in our case label if it has not been resolved and
        // check that our var decls follow invariants.
        checkCaseLabelItemPattern(caseBlock, labelItem, parentKind,
                                  limitExhaustivityChecks, subjectType);

        // Check the guard expression, if present.
        if (auto *guard = labelItem.getGuardExpr()) {
          limitExhaustivityChecks |= TypeChecker::typeCheckCondition(guard, DC);
          labelItem.setGuardExpr(guard);
        }
      }

      // Setup the types of our case body var decls.
      for (auto *expected : caseBlock->getCaseBodyVariablesOrEmptyArray()) {
        assert(expected->hasName());
        auto prev = expected->getParentVarDecl();
        if (prev->hasInterfaceType())
          expected->setInterfaceType(prev->getInterfaceType());
      }
    }

    // Second pass: type-check the body statements.
    for (auto i = casesBegin; i != casesEnd; ++i) {
      auto *caseBlock = *i;

      // Check restrictions on '@unknown'.
      if (caseBlock->hasUnknownAttr()) {
        assert(parentKind == CaseParentKind::Switch &&
               "'@unknown' can only appear on switch cases");
        checkUnknownAttrRestrictions(
            getASTContext(), caseBlock, limitExhaustivityChecks);
      }

      BraceStmt *body = caseBlock->getBody();
      limitExhaustivityChecks |= typeCheckStmt(body);
      caseBlock->setBody(body);

      // CaseStmts don't go through typeCheckStmt, so manually call into
      // performStmtDiagnostics.
      performStmtDiagnostics(caseBlock, DC);
    }
  }

  Stmt *visitSwitchStmt(SwitchStmt *switchStmt) {
    // Type-check the subject expression.
    Expr *subjectExpr = switchStmt->getSubjectExpr();
    auto resultTy = TypeChecker::typeCheckExpression(subjectExpr, DC);
    auto limitExhaustivityChecks = !resultTy;
    if (Expr *newSubjectExpr =
            TypeChecker::coerceToRValue(getASTContext(), subjectExpr))
      subjectExpr = newSubjectExpr;
    switchStmt->setSubjectExpr(subjectExpr);
    Type subjectType = switchStmt->getSubjectExpr()->getType();

    // Type-check the case blocks.
    auto sourceFile = DC->getParentSourceFile();
    checkLabeledStmtShadowing(getASTContext(), sourceFile, switchStmt);

    auto cases = switchStmt->getCases();
    checkSiblingCaseStmts(cases.begin(), cases.end(), CaseParentKind::Switch,
                          limitExhaustivityChecks, subjectType);

    if (!switchStmt->isImplicit()) {
      TypeChecker::checkSwitchExhaustiveness(switchStmt, DC,
                                             limitExhaustivityChecks);
    }

    return switchStmt;
  }

  Stmt *visitCaseStmt(CaseStmt *S) {
    // Cases are handled in visitSwitchStmt.
    llvm_unreachable("case stmt outside of switch?!");
  }

  Stmt *visitDoCatchStmt(DoCatchStmt *S) {
    // The labels are in scope for both the 'do' and all of the catch
    // clauses.  This allows the user to break out of (or restart) the
    // entire construct.
    auto sourceFile = DC->getParentSourceFile();
    checkLabeledStmtShadowing(getASTContext(), sourceFile, S);

    // Type-check the 'do' body.  Type failures in here will generally
    // not cause type failures in the 'catch' clauses.
    Stmt *newBody = S->getBody();
    typeCheckStmt(newBody);
    S->setBody(newBody);

    // Do-catch statements always limit exhaustivity checks.
    bool limitExhaustivityChecks = true;

    Type caughtErrorType = TypeChecker::catchErrorType(DC, S);

    // If there was no throwing expression in the body, let's pretend it can
    // throw 'any Error' just for type checking the pattern. That avoids
    // superfluous diagnostics. Note that we still diagnose unreachable 'catch'
    // separately in TypeCheckEffects.
    if (caughtErrorType->isNever())
      caughtErrorType = Ctx.getErrorExistentialType();

    auto catches = S->getCatches();
    checkSiblingCaseStmts(catches.begin(), catches.end(),
                          CaseParentKind::DoCatch, limitExhaustivityChecks,
                          caughtErrorType);

    return S;
  }

  Stmt *visitFailStmt(FailStmt *S) {
    // These are created as part of type-checking "return" in an initializer.
    // There is nothing more to do.
    return S;
  }

};
} // end anonymous namespace

Stmt *PreCheckReturnStmtRequest::evaluate(Evaluator &evaluator, ReturnStmt *RS,
                                          DeclContext *DC) const {
  auto &ctx = DC->getASTContext();
  auto fn = AnyFunctionRef::fromDeclContext(DC);

  // Not valid outside of a function.
  if (!fn) {
    ctx.Diags.diagnose(RS->getReturnLoc(), diag::return_invalid_outside_func);
    return nullptr;
  }

  // If the return is in a defer, then it isn't valid either.
  if (isDefer(DC)) {
    ctx.Diags.diagnose(RS->getReturnLoc(), diag::jump_out_of_defer, "return");
    return nullptr;
  }

  // The rest of the checks only concern return statements with results.
  if (!RS->hasResult())
    return RS;

  auto *E = RS->getResult();

  // In an initializer, the only expressions allowed are "nil", which indicates
  // failure from a failable initializer or "self" in the case of ~Escapable
  // initializers with explicit lifetime dependence.
  if (auto *ctor =
          dyn_cast_or_null<ConstructorDecl>(fn->getAbstractFunctionDecl())) {

    // The only valid return expression in an initializer is the literal
    // 'nil'.
    auto *nilExpr = dyn_cast<NilLiteralExpr>(E->getSemanticsProvidingExpr());
    if (!nilExpr) {
      ctx.Diags.diagnose(RS->getReturnLoc(), diag::return_init_non_nil)
          .highlight(E->getSourceRange());
      RS->setResult(nullptr);
      return RS;
    }

    // "return nil" is only permitted in a failable initializer.
    if (!ctor->isFailable()) {
      ctx.Diags.diagnose(RS->getReturnLoc(), diag::return_non_failable_init)
          .highlight(E->getSourceRange());
      ctx.Diags
          .diagnose(ctor->getLoc(), diag::make_init_failable, ctor)
          .fixItInsertAfter(ctor->getLoc(), "?");
      RS->setResult(nullptr);
      return RS;
    }

    // Replace the "return nil" with a new 'fail' statement.
    return new (ctx)
        FailStmt(RS->getReturnLoc(), nilExpr->getLoc(), RS->isImplicit());
  }
  return RS;
}

static bool isDiscardableType(Type type) {
  // If type is `(_: repeat ...)`, it can be discardable.
  if (auto *tuple = type->getAs<TupleType>()) {
    if (constraints::isSingleUnlabeledPackExpansionTuple(tuple)) {
      type = tuple->getElementType(0);
    }
  }

  if (auto *expansion = type->getAs<PackExpansionType>())
    return isDiscardableType(expansion->getPatternType());

  return (type->hasError() ||
          type->isUninhabited() ||
          type->lookThroughAllOptionalTypes()->isVoid());
}

static void diagnoseIgnoredLiteral(ASTContext &Ctx, LiteralExpr *LE) {
  Ctx.Diags.diagnose(LE->getLoc(), diag::expression_unused_literal,
                     LE->getLiteralKindDescription())
    .highlight(LE->getSourceRange());
}

void TypeChecker::checkIgnoredExpr(Expr *E) {
  // Skip checking if there is no type, which presumably means there was a
  // type error.
  if (!E->getType()) {
    return;
  }

  // Complain about l-values that are neither loaded nor stored.
  auto &Context = E->getType()->getASTContext();
  auto &DE = Context.Diags;
  if (E->getType()->hasLValueType()) {
    // This must stay in sync with diag::expression_unused_lvalue.
    enum {
        SK_Variable = 0,
        SK_Property,
        SK_Subscript
    } storageKind = SK_Variable;
    if (auto declRef = E->getReferencedDecl()) {
      auto decl = declRef.getDecl();
      if (isa<SubscriptDecl>(decl))
        storageKind = SK_Subscript;
      else if (decl->getDeclContext()->isTypeContext())
        storageKind = SK_Property;
    }
    DE.diagnose(E->getLoc(), diag::expression_unused_lvalue, storageKind)
      .highlight(E->getSourceRange());
    return;
  }

  // Stash the type of the original expression for display: the precise
  // expression we're looking for might have an intermediary, non-user-facing
  // type, such as an opened archetype.
  const Type TypeForDiag = E->getType();

  // Drill through expressions we don't care about.
  auto valueE = E;
  while (1) {
    valueE = valueE->getValueProvidingExpr();
    
    if (auto *OEE = dyn_cast<OpenExistentialExpr>(valueE))
      valueE = OEE->getSubExpr();
    else if (auto *CRCE = dyn_cast<CovariantReturnConversionExpr>(valueE))
      valueE = CRCE->getSubExpr();
    else if (auto *EE = dyn_cast<ErasureExpr>(valueE))
      valueE = EE->getSubExpr();
    else if (auto *BOE = dyn_cast<BindOptionalExpr>(valueE))
      valueE = BOE->getSubExpr();
    else {
      // If we have an OptionalEvaluationExpr at the top level, then someone is
      // "optional chaining" and ignoring the result. Keep drilling if it
      // doesn't make sense to ignore it.
      if (auto *OEE = dyn_cast<OptionalEvaluationExpr>(valueE)) {
        if (auto *IIO = dyn_cast<InjectIntoOptionalExpr>(OEE->getSubExpr())) {
          valueE = IIO->getSubExpr();
        } else if (auto *C = dyn_cast<CallExpr>(OEE->getSubExpr())) {
          valueE = C;
        } else if (auto *OE =
                       dyn_cast<OpenExistentialExpr>(OEE->getSubExpr())) {
          valueE = OE;
        } else {
          break;
        }
      } else {
        break;
      }
    }
  }

  // Check for macro expressions whose macros are marked as
  // @discardableResult.
  if (auto expansion = dyn_cast<MacroExpansionExpr>(valueE)) {
    if (auto macro = expansion->getMacroRef().getDecl()) {
      if (macro->getAttrs().hasAttribute<DiscardableResultAttr>()) {
        return;
      }
    }
  }

  // Complain about functions that aren't called.
  // TODO: What about tuples which contain functions by-value that are
  // dead?
  if (valueE->getType()->is<AnyFunctionType>()) {
    bool isDiscardable = false;

    // The called function could be wrapped inside a `dot_syntax_call_expr`
    // node, for example:
    //
    // class Bar {
    //   @discardableResult
    //   func foo() -> Int { return 0 }
    //
    //   func baz() {
    //     self.foo
    //     foo
    //   }
    // }
    //
    // So look through the DSCE and get the function being called.
    auto expr = isa<DotSyntaxCallExpr>(valueE)
                    ? cast<DotSyntaxCallExpr>(valueE)->getFn()
                    : valueE;

    if (auto *Fn = dyn_cast<ApplyExpr>(expr)) {
      if (auto *calledValue = Fn->getCalledValue()) {
        if (auto *FD = dyn_cast<AbstractFunctionDecl>(calledValue)) {
          if (FD->getAttrs().hasAttribute<DiscardableResultAttr>()) {
            isDiscardable = true;
          }
        }
      }
    }

    if (!isDiscardable) {
      DE.diagnose(E->getLoc(), diag::expression_unused_function)
          .highlight(E->getSourceRange());
      return;
    }
  }

  // If the result of this expression is of type "Never" or "()"
  // (the latter potentially wrapped in optionals) then it is
  // safe to ignore.
  if (isDiscardableType(valueE->getType()))
    return;
  
  // Complain about '#selector'.
  if (auto *ObjCSE = dyn_cast<ObjCSelectorExpr>(valueE)) {
    DE.diagnose(ObjCSE->getLoc(), diag::expression_unused_selector_result)
      .highlight(E->getSourceRange());
    return;
  }

  // Complain about '#keyPath'.
  if (isa<KeyPathExpr>(valueE)) {
    DE.diagnose(valueE->getLoc(), diag::expression_unused_keypath_result)
      .highlight(E->getSourceRange());
    return;
  }
    
  // Always complain about 'try?'.
  if (auto *OTE = dyn_cast<OptionalTryExpr>(valueE)) {
    DE.diagnose(OTE->getTryLoc(), diag::expression_unused_optional_try)
      .highlight(E->getSourceRange());
    return;
  }

  if (auto *LE = dyn_cast<LiteralExpr>(valueE)) {
    diagnoseIgnoredLiteral(Context, LE);
    return;
  }

  // Check if we have a call to a function not marked with
  // '@discardableResult'.
  if (auto call = dyn_cast<ApplyExpr>(valueE)) {
    // Dig through all levels of calls.
    Expr *fn = call->getFn();
    while (true) {
      fn = fn->getSemanticsProvidingExpr();
      if (auto applyFn = dyn_cast<ApplyExpr>(fn)) {
        fn = applyFn->getFn();
      } else if (auto FVE = dyn_cast<ForceValueExpr>(fn)) {
        fn = FVE->getSubExpr();
      } else if (auto dotSyntaxRef = dyn_cast<DotSyntaxBaseIgnoredExpr>(fn)) {
        fn = dotSyntaxRef->getRHS();
      } else if (auto fnConvExpr = dyn_cast<FunctionConversionExpr>(fn)) {
        fn = fnConvExpr->getSubExpr();
      } else {
        break;
      }
    }

    // Find the callee.
    AbstractFunctionDecl *callee = nullptr;
    if (auto declRef = dyn_cast<DeclRefExpr>(fn))
      callee = dyn_cast<AbstractFunctionDecl>(declRef->getDecl());
    else if (auto ctorRef = dyn_cast<OtherConstructorDeclRefExpr>(fn))
      callee = ctorRef->getDecl();
    else if (auto memberRef = dyn_cast<MemberRefExpr>(fn))
      callee = dyn_cast<AbstractFunctionDecl>(memberRef->getMember().getDecl());
    else if (auto dynMemberRef = dyn_cast<DynamicMemberRefExpr>(fn))
      callee = dyn_cast<AbstractFunctionDecl>(
                 dynMemberRef->getMember().getDecl());
    
    // If the callee explicitly allows its result to be ignored, then don't
    // complain.
    if (callee && callee->getAttrs().getAttribute<DiscardableResultAttr>())
      return;

    // Otherwise, complain.  Start with more specific diagnostics.

    // Diagnose unused constructor calls.
    if (isa_and_nonnull<ConstructorDecl>(callee) && !call->isImplicit()) {
      DE.diagnose(fn->getLoc(), diag::expression_unused_init_result,
               callee->getDeclContext()->getDeclaredInterfaceType())
        .highlight(call->getArgs()->getSourceRange());
      return;
    }
    
    SourceRange SR1 = call->getArgs()->getSourceRange(), SR2;
    if (auto *BO = dyn_cast<BinaryExpr>(call)) {
      SR1 = BO->getLHS()->getSourceRange();
      SR2 = BO->getRHS()->getSourceRange();
    }
    
    // Otherwise, produce a generic diagnostic.
    if (callee) {
      auto &ctx = callee->getASTContext();
      if (callee->isImplicit()) {
        // Translate calls to implicit functions to their user-facing names
        if (callee->getBaseName() == ctx.Id_derived_enum_equals ||
            callee->getBaseName() == ctx.Id_derived_struct_equals) {
          DE.diagnose(fn->getLoc(),
                      diag::expression_unused_result_operator_name,
                   ctx.Id_EqualsOperator)
            .highlight(SR1).highlight(SR2);
          return;
        }
      }

      auto diagID = diag::expression_unused_result_call;
      if (callee->getName().isOperator())
        diagID = diag::expression_unused_result_operator;
      
      DE.diagnose(fn->getLoc(), diagID, callee)
        .highlight(SR1).highlight(SR2);
    } else
      DE.diagnose(fn->getLoc(), diag::expression_unused_result_unknown,
                  isa<ClosureExpr>(fn), TypeForDiag)
          .highlight(SR1)
          .highlight(SR2);

    return;
  }

  // Produce a generic diagnostic.
  DE.diagnose(valueE->getLoc(), diag::expression_unused_result, TypeForDiag)
      .highlight(valueE->getSourceRange());
}

void StmtChecker::typeCheckASTNode(ASTNode &node) {
  // Type check the expression
  if (auto *E = node.dyn_cast<Expr *>()) {
    auto checkMacroExpansion = [&] {
      // If we have a macro expansion expression that's been replaced with a
      // declaration, type-check that declaration.
      if (auto macroExpr = dyn_cast<MacroExpansionExpr>(E)) {
        if (auto decl = macroExpr->getSubstituteDecl()) {
          ASTNode declNode(decl);
          typeCheckASTNode(declNode);
          return true;
        }
      }

      return false;
    };

    if (checkMacroExpansion())
      return;

    auto &ctx = DC->getASTContext();

    TypeCheckExprOptions options = TypeCheckExprFlags::IsExprStmt;
    bool isDiscarded =
        (!ctx.LangOpts.Playground && !ctx.LangOpts.DebuggerSupport);
    if (isDiscarded)
      options |= TypeCheckExprFlags::IsDiscarded;

    auto resultTy =
        TypeChecker::typeCheckExpression(E, DC, /*contextualInfo=*/{}, options);

    // Check for a freestanding macro expansion that produced declarations or
    // code items.
    if (checkMacroExpansion())
      return;

    // If a closure expression is unused, the user might have intended to write
    // "do { ... }".
    auto *CE = dyn_cast<ClosureExpr>(E);
    if (CE || isa<CaptureListExpr>(E)) {
      ctx.Diags.diagnose(E->getLoc(), diag::expression_unused_closure);

      if (CE && CE->hasAnonymousClosureVars() &&
          CE->getParameters()->size() == 0) {
        ctx.Diags.diagnose(CE->getStartLoc(), diag::brace_stmt_suggest_do)
            .fixItInsert(CE->getStartLoc(), "do ");
      }
    } else if (isDiscarded && resultTy) {
      TypeChecker::checkIgnoredExpr(E);
    }

    node = E;
    return;
  }

  // Type check the statement.
  if (auto *S = node.dyn_cast<Stmt *>()) {
    typeCheckStmt(S);
    node = S;
    return;
  }

  // Type check the declaration.
  if (auto *D = node.dyn_cast<Decl *>()) {
    TypeChecker::typeCheckDecl(D);
    return;
  }

  if (auto *Cond = node.dyn_cast<StmtConditionElement *>()) {
    bool IsFalsable; // ignored
    TypeChecker::typeCheckStmtConditionElement(*Cond, IsFalsable, DC);
    return;
  }

  llvm_unreachable("Type checking null ASTNode");
}

Stmt *StmtChecker::visitBraceStmt(BraceStmt *BS) {
  if (LeaveBraceStmtBodyUnchecked)
    return BS;

  // Diagnose defer statement being last one in block (only if
  // BraceStmt does not start a TopLevelDecl).
  if (!BS->empty()) {
    if (auto stmt =
            BS->getLastElement().dyn_cast<Stmt *>()) {
      if (auto deferStmt = dyn_cast<DeferStmt>(stmt)) {
        if (!isa<TopLevelCodeDecl>(DC) ||
            cast<TopLevelCodeDecl>(DC)->getBody() != BS) {
          getASTContext().Diags.diagnose(deferStmt->getStartLoc(),
                                         diag::defer_stmt_at_block_end)
              .fixItReplace(deferStmt->getStartLoc(), "do");
        }
      }
    }
  }

  for (auto &elem : BS->getElements())
    typeCheckASTNode(elem);

  return BS;
}

void TypeChecker::typeCheckASTNode(ASTNode &node, DeclContext *DC,
                                   bool LeaveBodyUnchecked) {
  StmtChecker stmtChecker(DC);
  // FIXME: 'ActiveLabeledStmts', etc. in StmtChecker are not
  // populated. Since they don't affect "type checking", it's doesn't cause
  // any issue for now. But it should be populated nonetheless.
  stmtChecker.LeaveBraceStmtBodyUnchecked = LeaveBodyUnchecked;
  stmtChecker.typeCheckASTNode(node);
}

/// Attempts to build an implicit call within the provided constructor
/// to the provided class's zero-argument super initializer.
/// @returns nullptr if there was an error and a diagnostic was emitted.
static Expr* constructCallToSuperInit(ConstructorDecl *ctor,
                                      ClassDecl *ClDecl) {
  ASTContext &Context = ctor->getASTContext();
  Expr *superRef = new (Context) SuperRefExpr(ctor->getImplicitSelfDecl(),
                                              SourceLoc(), /*Implicit=*/true);
  Expr *r = UnresolvedDotExpr::createImplicit(
      Context, superRef, DeclBaseName::createConstructor());
  r = CallExpr::createImplicitEmpty(Context, r);

  if (ctor->hasThrows())
    r = new (Context) TryExpr(SourceLoc(), r, Type(), /*implicit=*/true);

  DiagnosticSuppression suppression(ctor->getASTContext().Diags);
  auto resultTy = TypeChecker::typeCheckExpression(
      r, ctor, /*contextualInfo=*/{}, TypeCheckExprFlags::IsDiscarded);
  if (!resultTy)
    return nullptr;
  
  return r;
}

/// Check a super.init call.
///
/// \returns true if an error occurred.
static bool checkSuperInit(ConstructorDecl *fromCtor,
                           ApplyExpr *apply, bool implicitlyGenerated) {
  auto Callee = apply->getSemanticFn();
  if (auto dotCall = dyn_cast<DotSyntaxCallExpr>(Callee))
    Callee = dotCall->getSemanticFn();

  // Make sure we are referring to a designated initializer.
  auto otherCtorRef = dyn_cast<OtherConstructorDeclRefExpr>(Callee);
  if (!otherCtorRef) {
    return false;
  }
  
  auto ctor = otherCtorRef->getDecl();
  if (!ctor->isDesignatedInit()) {
    if (!implicitlyGenerated) {
      auto selfTy = fromCtor->getDeclContext()->getSelfInterfaceType();
      if (auto classTy = selfTy->getClassOrBoundGenericClass()) {
        assert(classTy->getSuperclass());
        auto &Diags = fromCtor->getASTContext().Diags;
        Diags.diagnose(apply->getArgs()->getLoc(), diag::chain_convenience_init,
                       classTy->getSuperclass());
        ctor->diagnose(diag::convenience_init_here);
      }
    }
    return true;
  }

  // For an implicitly generated super.init() call, make sure there's
  // only one designated initializer.
  if (implicitlyGenerated) {
    auto *dc = ctor->getDeclContext();
    auto *superclassDecl = dc->getSelfClassDecl();

    superclassDecl->synthesizeSemanticMembersIfNeeded(
        DeclBaseName::createConstructor());

    NLOptions subOptions = NL_QualifiedDefault;

    SmallVector<ValueDecl *, 4> lookupResults;
    fromCtor->lookupQualified(superclassDecl,
                              DeclNameRef::createConstructor(),
                              apply->getLoc(),
                              subOptions, lookupResults);

    for (auto decl : lookupResults) {
      auto superclassCtor = dyn_cast<ConstructorDecl>(decl);
      if (!superclassCtor || !superclassCtor->isDesignatedInit() ||
          superclassCtor == ctor)
        continue;

      // Found another designated initializer in the superclass. Don't add the
      // super.init() call.
      return true;
    }

    // Make sure we can reference the designated initializer correctly.
    auto loc = fromCtor->getLoc();
    const bool didDiagnose = diagnoseDeclAvailability(
        ctor, loc, nullptr,
        ExportContext::forFunctionBody(fromCtor, loc));
    if (didDiagnose) {
      fromCtor->diagnose(diag::availability_unavailable_implicit_init,
                         ctor, superclassDecl->getName());
    }
    
    // Only allowed to synthesize a throwing super.init() call if the init being
    // checked is also throwing.
    if (ctor->hasThrows()) {
      // Diagnose on nonthrowing or rethrowing initializer.
      if (!fromCtor->hasThrows() || fromCtor->hasPolymorphicEffect(EffectKind::Throws)) {
        fromCtor->diagnose(diag::implicit_throws_super_init);
        return true; // considered an error
      }
    }
    
    // Not allowed to implicitly generate a super.init() call if the init
    // is async; that would hide the 'await' from the programmer.
    if (ctor->hasAsync()) {
      fromCtor->diagnose(diag::implicit_async_super_init);
      return true; // considered an error
    }
  }


  return false;
}

static bool isKnownEndOfConstructor(ASTNode N) {
  auto *S = N.dyn_cast<Stmt*>();
  if (!S) return false;

  return isa<ReturnStmt>(S) || isa<FailStmt>(S);
}

/// Check for problems specific to the body of a constructor within a
/// class, involving (e.g.) implicit calls to the superclass initializer and
/// issues related to designated/convenience initializers.
static void checkClassConstructorBody(ClassDecl *classDecl,
                                      ConstructorDecl *ctor,
                                      BraceStmt *body) {
  ASTContext &ctx = classDecl->getASTContext();
  bool wantSuperInitCall = false;
  bool isDelegating = false;

  auto initKindAndExpr = ctor->getDelegatingOrChainedInitKind();
  switch (initKindAndExpr.initKind) {
  case BodyInitKind::Delegating:
    isDelegating = true;
    wantSuperInitCall = false;
    break;

  case BodyInitKind::Chained:
    checkSuperInit(ctor, initKindAndExpr.initExpr, false);

    /// A convenience initializer cannot chain to a superclass constructor.
    if (ctor->isConvenienceInit()) {
      ctx.Diags.diagnose(initKindAndExpr.initExpr->getLoc(),
                         diag::delegating_convenience_super_init,
                         ctor->getDeclContext()->getDeclaredInterfaceType());
    }

    LLVM_FALLTHROUGH;

  case BodyInitKind::None:
    wantSuperInitCall = false;
    break;

  case BodyInitKind::ImplicitChained:
    wantSuperInitCall = true;
    break;
  }

  // A class designated initializer must never be delegating.
  if (ctor->isDesignatedInit() && isDelegating) {
    if (classDecl->getForeignClassKind() == ClassDecl::ForeignKind::CFType) {
      ctor->diagnose(diag::delegating_designated_init_in_extension,
                     ctor->getDeclContext()->getDeclaredInterfaceType());
    } else {
      ctor->diagnose(diag::delegating_designated_init,
                     ctor->getDeclContext()->getDeclaredInterfaceType())
          .fixItInsert(ctor->getLoc(), "convenience ");
    }

    ctx.Diags.diagnose(initKindAndExpr.initExpr->getLoc(), diag::delegation_here);
  }

  // An inlinable constructor in a class must always be delegating,
  // unless the class is '@_fixed_layout'.
  // Note: This is specifically not using isFormallyResilient. We relax this
  // rule for classes in non-resilient modules so that they can have inlinable
  // constructors, as long as those constructors don't reference private
  // declarations.
  if (!isDelegating && classDecl->isResilient()) {
    auto kind = ctor->getFragileFunctionKind();
    if (kind.kind != FragileFunctionKind::None) {
      ctor->diagnose(diag::class_designated_init_inlinable_resilient,
                     classDecl->getDeclaredInterfaceType(), kind.getSelector());
    }
  }

  // If we don't want a super.init call, we're done.
  if (!wantSuperInitCall)
    return;

  // Find a default initializer in the superclass.
  Expr *SuperInitCall = constructCallToSuperInit(ctor, classDecl);
  if (!SuperInitCall)
    return;

  // If the initializer we found is a designated initializer, we're okay.
  class FindOtherConstructorRef : public ASTWalker {
  public:
    ApplyExpr *Found = nullptr;

    MacroWalking getMacroWalkingBehavior() const override {
      return MacroWalking::Expansion;
    }

    PreWalkResult<Expr *> walkToExprPre(Expr *E) override {
      if (auto apply = dyn_cast<ApplyExpr>(E)) {
        if (isa<OtherConstructorDeclRefExpr>(apply->getSemanticFn())) {
          Found = apply;
          return Action::Stop();
        }
      }
      return Action::Continue(E);
    }
  };

  FindOtherConstructorRef finder;
  SuperInitCall->walk(finder);
  if (!checkSuperInit(ctor, finder.Found, true)) {
    // Store the super.init expression within the constructor declaration
    // to be emitted during SILGen.
    ctor->setSuperInitCall(SuperInitCall);
  }
}

void swift::simple_display(llvm::raw_ostream &out,
                           const TypeCheckASTNodeAtLocContext &ctx) {
  if (ctx.isForUnattachedNode()) {
    llvm::errs() << "(unattached_node: ";
    simple_display(out, ctx.getUnattachedNode());
    llvm::errs() << " decl_context: ";
    simple_display(out, ctx.getDeclContext());
    llvm::errs() << ")";
  } else {
    llvm::errs() << "(decl_context: ";
    simple_display(out, ctx.getDeclContext());
    llvm::errs() << ")";
  }
}

bool TypeCheckASTNodeAtLocRequest::evaluate(
    Evaluator &evaluator, TypeCheckASTNodeAtLocContext typeCheckCtx,
    SourceLoc Loc) const {
  auto &ctx = typeCheckCtx.getDeclContext()->getASTContext();
  assert(DiagnosticSuppression::isEnabled(ctx.Diags) &&
         "Diagnosing and Single ASTNode type checking don't mix");

  if (!typeCheckCtx.isForUnattachedNode()) {
    auto DC = typeCheckCtx.getDeclContext();
    // Initializers aren't walked by ASTWalker and thus we don't find the
    // context to type check using ASTNodeFinder. Also, initializers aren't
    // representable by ASTNodes that can be type checked using
    // typeCheckASTNode. Handle them specifically here.
    if (auto *patternInit = dyn_cast<PatternBindingInitializer>(DC)) {
      if (auto *PBD = patternInit->getBinding()) {
        auto i = patternInit->getBindingIndex();
        PBD->getPattern(i)->forEachVariable(
            [](VarDecl *VD) { (void)VD->getInterfaceType(); });
        if (PBD->getInit(i)) {
          if (!PBD->isInitializerChecked(i)) {
            typeCheckPatternBinding(PBD, i);
            // Retrieve the accessor's body to trigger RecontextualizeClosures
            // This is important to get the correct USR of variables defined
            // in closures initializing lazy variables.
            PBD->getPattern(i)->forEachVariable([](VarDecl *VD) {
              VD->visitEmittedAccessors(
                  [&](AccessorDecl *accessor) { (void)accessor->getBody(); });
            });
            return false;
          }
        }
      }
    } else if (auto *defaultArg = dyn_cast<DefaultArgumentInitializer>(DC)) {
      if (const ParamDecl *Param =
              getParameterAt(defaultArg->getParent(), defaultArg->getIndex())) {
        (void)Param->getTypeCheckedDefaultExpr();
        return false;
      }
    }
    if (auto *AFD = dyn_cast<AbstractFunctionDecl>(DC)) {
      if (AFD->hasBody() && !AFD->isBodyTypeChecked() &&
          !AFD->isBodySkipped()) {
        // Pre-check the function body if needed.
        (void)evaluateOrDefault(evaluator, PreCheckFunctionBodyRequest{AFD},
                                nullptr);
      }
    }
  }

  // Find innermost ASTNode at Loc from DC. Results the reference to the found
  // ASTNode and the decl context of it.
  class ASTNodeFinder : public ASTWalker {
    SourceManager &SM;
    SourceLoc Loc;

    /// When the \c ASTNode that we want to check was found inside a brace
    /// statement, we need to store a *reference* to the element in the
    /// \c BraceStmt. When the brace statement gets type checked for result
    /// builders its elements will be updated in-place, which makes
    /// \c FoundNodeRef now point to the type-checked replacement node. We need
    /// this behavior.
    ///
    /// But for all other cases, we just want to store a plain \c ASTNode. To
    /// make sure we free the \c ASTNode again, we store it in
    /// \c FoundNodeStorage and set \c FoundNodeRef to point to
    /// \c FoundNodeStorage.
    ASTNode FoundNodeStorage;
    ASTNode *FoundNode = nullptr;

    /// The innermost DeclContext that contains \c FoundNode.
    DeclContext *DC = nullptr;

  public:
    ASTNodeFinder(SourceManager &SM, SourceLoc Loc) : SM(SM), Loc(Loc) {}

    /// Set an \c ASTNode and \c DeclContext to type check if we don't find a
    /// more nested node.
    void setInitialFind(ASTNode &FoundNode, DeclContext *DC) {
      this->FoundNode = &FoundNode;
      this->DC = DC;
    }

    bool isNull() const { return !FoundNode; }
    ASTNode &getRef() const {
      assert(FoundNode);
      return *FoundNode;
    }
    DeclContext *getDeclContext() const { return DC; }

    MacroWalking getMacroWalkingBehavior() const override {
      return MacroWalking::ArgumentsAndExpansion;
    }

    PreWalkResult<Stmt *> walkToStmtPre(Stmt *S) override {
      if (auto *brace = dyn_cast<BraceStmt>(S)) {
        auto braceCharRange = Lexer::getCharSourceRangeFromSourceRange(
            SM, brace->getSourceRange());
        // Unless this brace contains the loc, there's nothing to do.
        if (!braceCharRange.contains(Loc))
          return Action::SkipNode(S);

        // Reset the node found in a parent context if it's not part of this
        // brace statement.
        // We must not reset FoundNode if it's inside thei BraceStmt's source
        // range because the found node could be inside a capture list, which is
        // syntactically part of the brace stmt's range but won't be walked as
        // a child of the brace stmt.
        if (!brace->isImplicit() && FoundNode) {
          auto foundNodeCharRange = Lexer::getCharSourceRangeFromSourceRange(
              SM, FoundNode->getSourceRange());
          if (!braceCharRange.contains(foundNodeCharRange)) {
            FoundNode = nullptr;
          }
        }

        for (ASTNode &node : brace->getElements()) {
          if (SM.isBeforeInBuffer(Loc, node.getStartLoc()))
            break;

          // NOTE: We need to check the character loc here because the target
          // loc can be inside the last token of the node. i.e. interpolated
          // string.
          SourceLoc endLoc = Lexer::getLocForEndOfToken(SM, node.getEndLoc());
          if (SM.isBeforeInBuffer(endLoc, Loc) || endLoc == Loc)
            continue;

          // 'node' may be the target node, except 'CaseStmt' which cannot be
          // type checked alone.
          if (!node.isStmt(StmtKind::Case))
            FoundNode = &node;

          // Walk into the node to narrow down.
          node.walk(*this);

          break;
        }
        // Already walked into.
        return Action::Stop();
      } else if (auto Conditional = dyn_cast<LabeledConditionalStmt>(S)) {
        for (StmtConditionElement &Cond : Conditional->getCond()) {
          if (SM.isBeforeInBuffer(Loc, Cond.getStartLoc())) {
            break;
          }
          SourceLoc endLoc = Lexer::getLocForEndOfToken(SM, Cond.getEndLoc());
          if (SM.isBeforeInBuffer(endLoc, Loc) || endLoc == Loc) {
            continue;
          }

          FoundNodeStorage = ASTNode(&Cond);
          FoundNode = &FoundNodeStorage;
          return Action::Stop();
        }
      }

      return Action::Continue(S);
    }

    PreWalkResult<Expr *> walkToExprPre(Expr *E) override {
      if (SM.isBeforeInBuffer(Loc, E->getStartLoc()))
        return Action::SkipNode(E);

      SourceLoc endLoc = Lexer::getLocForEndOfToken(SM, E->getEndLoc());
      if (SM.isBeforeInBuffer(endLoc, Loc))
        return Action::SkipNode(E);

      // Don't walk into 'TapExpr'. They should be type checked with parent
      // 'InterpolatedStringLiteralExpr'.
      if (isa<TapExpr>(E))
        return Action::SkipNode(E);

      // If the location is within a result of a SingleValueStmtExpr, walk it
      // directly rather than as part of the brace. This ensures we type-check
      // it a part of the whole expression, unless it has an inner closure or
      // SVE, in which case we can still pick up a better node to type-check.
      if (auto *SVE = dyn_cast<SingleValueStmtExpr>(E)) {
        SmallVector<Expr *> scratch;
        for (auto *result : SVE->getResultExprs(scratch)) {
          auto resultCharRange = Lexer::getCharSourceRangeFromSourceRange(
            SM, result->getSourceRange());
          if (resultCharRange.contains(Loc)) {
            if (!result->walk(*this))
              return Action::Stop();

            return Action::SkipNode(E);
          }
        }
        return Action::Continue(E);
      }

      if (auto closure = dyn_cast<ClosureExpr>(E)) {
        // NOTE: When a client wants to type check a closure signature, it
        // requests with closure's 'getLoc()' location.
        if (Loc == closure->getLoc())
          return Action::SkipNode(E);

        DC = closure;
      }
      return Action::Continue(E);
    }

    PreWalkAction walkToDeclPre(Decl *D) override {
      if (auto *newDC = dyn_cast<DeclContext>(D))
        DC = newDC;

      if (!SM.isBeforeInBuffer(Loc, D->getStartLoc())) {
        // NOTE: We need to check the character loc here because the target
        // loc can be inside the last token of the node. i.e. interpolated
        // string.
        SourceLoc endLoc = Lexer::getLocForEndOfToken(SM, D->getEndLoc());
        if (!(SM.isBeforeInBuffer(endLoc, Loc) || endLoc == Loc)) {
          if (!isa<TopLevelCodeDecl>(D)) {
            FoundNodeStorage = ASTNode(D);
            FoundNode = &FoundNodeStorage;
          }
        }
      }
      return Action::Continue();
    }

  } finder(ctx.SourceMgr, Loc);
  if (typeCheckCtx.isForUnattachedNode()) {
    finder.setInitialFind(typeCheckCtx.getUnattachedNode(),
                          typeCheckCtx.getDeclContext());
    typeCheckCtx.getUnattachedNode().walk(finder);
  } else {
    typeCheckCtx.getDeclContext()->walkContext(finder);
  }

  // Nothing found at the location, or the decl context does not own the 'Loc'.
  if (finder.isNull() || !finder.getDeclContext())
    return true;

  DeclContext *DC = finder.getDeclContext();

  if (auto *AFD = dyn_cast<AbstractFunctionDecl>(DC)) {
    if (AFD->isBodyTypeChecked())
      return false;

    ASTScope::expandFunctionBody(AFD);
  }

  // Function builder function doesn't support partial type checking.
  if (auto *func = dyn_cast<FuncDecl>(DC)) {
    if (Type builderType = func->getResultBuilderType()) {
      if (func->getBody()) {
        auto optBody =
            TypeChecker::applyResultBuilderBodyTransform(func, builderType);
        if ((ctx.CompletionCallback && ctx.CompletionCallback->gotCallback()) ||
            (ctx.SolutionCallback && ctx.SolutionCallback->gotCallback())) {
          // We already informed the completion callback of solutions found by
          // type checking the entire result builder from
          // applyResultBuilderBodyTransform. No need to typecheck the requested
          // AST node individually anymore.
          return false;
        }
        if (!ctx.CompletionCallback && !ctx.SolutionCallback && optBody &&
            *optBody) {
          // Wire up the function body now.
          func->setBody(*optBody, AbstractFunctionDecl::BodyKind::TypeChecked);
          return false;
        }
        // We did not find a solution while applying the result builder,
        // possibly because the result builder contained an invalid element and
        // thus the transform couldn't be applied. Perform code completion
        // pretending there was no result builder to recover.
      }
    }
  }

  // If we're within a ClosureExpr that can propagate its captures to this
  // DeclContext, we need to type-check the entire surrounding closure. If the
  // completion token is contained within the closure itself, conjunction
  // constraints ensure that statements unrelated to the one that contains the
  // code completion token are not type checked. If it's in a nested local
  // function, we unfortunately need to type-check everything since we need to
  // apply the solution.
  // FIXME: We ought to see if we can do better in that case.
  if (auto *CE = DC->getInnermostClosureForCaptures()) {
    if (CE->getBodyState() == ClosureExpr::BodyState::Parsed) {
      swift::typeCheckASTNodeAtLoc(
          TypeCheckASTNodeAtLocContext::declContext(CE->getParent()),
          CE->getLoc());

      // If the context itself is a ClosureExpr, we should have type-checked
      // the completion expression now. If it's a nested local declaration,
      // fall through to type-check the AST node now that we've type-checked
      // the surrounding closure.
      if (isa<ClosureExpr>(DC))
        return false;
    }
  }

  TypeChecker::typeCheckASTNode(finder.getRef(), DC, /*LeaveBodyUnchecked=*/false);
  return false;
}

/// Insert an implicit return for a single expression body function if needed.
static void addImplicitReturnIfNeeded(BraceStmt *body, DeclContext *dc) {
  if (body->empty())
    return;

  // Must have a single active element (which is guarenteed to be the last
  // element), or we must be allowing implicit last expression results.
  auto &ctx = dc->getASTContext();
  if (!body->getSingleActiveElement() &&
      !ctx.LangOpts.hasFeature(Feature::ImplicitLastExprResults)) {
    return;
  }
  auto node = body->getLastElement();
  if (!node)
    return;

  auto makeResult = [&](Expr *E) {
    body->setLastElement(ReturnStmt::createImplied(ctx, E));
  };

  // For a constructor, we only support nil literals as the implicit result.
  if (auto *ctor = dyn_cast<ConstructorDecl>(dc)) {
    if (auto *E = node.dyn_cast<Expr *>()) {
      if (ctor->isFailable() && isa<NilLiteralExpr>(E))
        makeResult(E);
    }
    return;
  }

  // Otherwise, we only support implicit results for FuncDecls and ClosureExprs.
  if (!isa<FuncDecl>(dc) && !isa<ClosureExpr>(dc))
    return;

  if (auto *fd = dyn_cast<FuncDecl>(dc)) {
    // Don't apply if we have a result builder, or a Void return type.
    if (fd->getResultBuilderType() || fd->getResultInterfaceType()->isVoid())
      return;
  }

  // A statement can potentially become an expression.
  if (auto *S = node.dyn_cast<Stmt *>()) {
    if (S->mayProduceSingleValue(ctx)) {
      auto *SVE = SingleValueStmtExpr::createWithWrappedBranches(
          ctx, S, dc, /*mustBeExpr*/ false);
      makeResult(SVE);
      return;
    }
  }

  if (auto *E = node.dyn_cast<Expr *>()) {
    // Take any expression, except for assignments. This helps improves
    // diagnostics.
    // TODO: We probably ought to apply this to closures too, but that currently
    // regresses a couple of diagnostics.
    if (!isa<ClosureExpr>(dc)) {
      auto *SemanticExpr = E->getSemanticsProvidingExpr();
      if (auto *SE = dyn_cast<SequenceExpr>(SemanticExpr)) {
        if (SE->getNumElements() > 1 && isa<AssignExpr>(SE->getElement(1)))
          return;
      }
      if (isa<AssignExpr>(SemanticExpr))
        return;
    }
    makeResult(E);
  }
}

BraceStmt *
PreCheckFunctionBodyRequest::evaluate(Evaluator &evaluator,
                                      AbstractFunctionDecl *AFD) const {
  assert(!AFD->isBodySkipped());

  auto &ctx = AFD->getASTContext();
  auto *body = AFD->getBody();
  assert(body && "Expected body");
  assert(!AFD->isBodyTypeChecked() && "Body already type-checked?");

  // Insert an implicit return if needed.
  addImplicitReturnIfNeeded(body, AFD);

  // For constructors, we make sure that the body ends with a "return"
  // stmt, which we either implicitly synthesize, or the user can write.
  // This simplifies SILGen.
  if (isa<ConstructorDecl>(AFD)) {
    if (body->empty() || !isKnownEndOfConstructor(body->getLastElement())) {
      SmallVector<ASTNode, 8> Elts(body->getElements().begin(),
                                   body->getElements().end());
      Elts.push_back(ReturnStmt::createImplicit(ctx, body->getRBraceLoc(),
                                                /*value*/ nullptr));
      body = BraceStmt::create(ctx, body->getLBraceLoc(), Elts,
                               body->getRBraceLoc(), body->isImplicit());
    }
  }
  return body;
}

BraceStmt *PreCheckClosureBodyRequest::evaluate(Evaluator &evaluator,
                                                ClosureExpr *closure) const {
  auto *body = closure->getBody();

  // If we have a single statement 'return', synthesize 'return ()' to ensure
  // it's treated as a single expression body.
  if (auto *S = body->getSingleActiveStatement()) {
    if (auto *returnStmt = dyn_cast<ReturnStmt>(S)) {
      if (!returnStmt->hasResult()) {
        auto &ctx = closure->getASTContext();
        auto *returnExpr = TupleExpr::createEmpty(ctx, SourceLoc(), SourceLoc(),
                                                  /*implicit*/ true);
        returnStmt->setResult(returnExpr);
      }
    }
  }
  // Insert an implicit return if needed.
  addImplicitReturnIfNeeded(body, closure);
  return body;
}


/// Determine whether the given declaration should not have a definition.
static bool requiresNoDefinition(Decl *decl) {
  if (auto func = dyn_cast<AbstractFunctionDecl>(decl)) {
    // Function with @_extern should not have a body.
    if (func->getAttrs().hasAttribute<ExternAttr>())
      return true;
  }
  // FIXME: Should be able to write this more nicely
  if (!ABIRoleInfo(decl).providesAPI())
    // Decls which merely define the ABI of another decl should not have a
    // body.
    return true;
  // Everything else can have a definition.
  return false;
}

/// Determine whether the given declaration requires a definition.
///
/// Only valid for declarations that can have definitions, i.e.,
/// functions, initializers, etc.
static bool requiresDefinition(Decl *decl) {
  // Invalid, implicit, and Clang-imported declarations never
  // require a definition.
  if (decl->isInvalid() || decl->isImplicit() || decl->hasClangNode())
    return false;

  // Protocol requirements do not require definitions.
  if (isa<ProtocolDecl>(decl->getDeclContext()))
    return false;

  // Functions can have _silgen_name, semantics, and NSManaged attributes.
  if (auto func = dyn_cast<AbstractFunctionDecl>(decl)) {
    if (func->getAttrs().hasAttribute<SILGenNameAttr>() ||
        func->getAttrs().hasAttribute<SemanticsAttr>() ||
        func->getAttrs().hasAttribute<NSManagedAttr>())
      return false;
  }

  // Declarations in SIL and module interface files don't require
  // definitions.
  auto dc = decl->getDeclContext();
  if (auto sourceFile = dc->getParentSourceFile()) {
    switch (sourceFile->Kind) {
    case SourceFileKind::SIL:
    case SourceFileKind::Interface:
      return false;
    case SourceFileKind::Library:
    case SourceFileKind::Main:
    case SourceFileKind::MacroExpansion:
    case SourceFileKind::DefaultArgument:
      break;
    }
  }

  // Declarations deserialized from a module file don't require definitions.
  if (auto fileUnit = dyn_cast<FileUnit>(dc->getModuleScopeContext()))
    if (fileUnit->getKind() == FileUnitKind::SerializedAST)
      return false;

  // Declarations that cannot possibly have a definition definitely don't
  // require one.
  if (requiresNoDefinition(decl))
    return false;

  // Everything else requires a definition.
  return true;
}

BraceStmt *
TypeCheckFunctionBodyRequest::evaluate(Evaluator &eval,
                                       AbstractFunctionDecl *AFD) const {
  ASTContext &ctx = AFD->getASTContext();

  std::optional<FunctionBodyTimer> timer;
  const auto &tyOpts = ctx.TypeCheckerOpts;
  if (tyOpts.DebugTimeFunctionBodies || tyOpts.WarnLongFunctionBodies)
    timer.emplace(AFD);

  /// If the function body has been skipped, there's nothing to do here.
  if (AFD->isBodySkipped())
    return nullptr;

  BraceStmt *body = AFD->getMacroExpandedBody();

  // If there is no function body, there is nothing to type-check.
  if (!body) {
    // If a definition is required here, complain.
    if (requiresDefinition(AFD)) {
      if (isa<ConstructorDecl>(AFD))
        AFD->diagnose(diag::missing_initializer_def);
      else
        AFD->diagnose(diag::func_decl_without_brace);
    }

    return nullptr;
  }

  // If the function body must not have a definition, complain and drop it.
  if (requiresNoDefinition(AFD)) {
    AFD->diagnose(diag::func_decl_no_body_expected);
    return nullptr;
  }

  assert(body && "Expected body to type-check");

  // It's possible we synthesized an already type-checked body, in which case
  // we're done.
  if (AFD->isBodyTypeChecked())
    return body;

  auto errorBody = [&]() {
    // If we had an error, return an ErrorExpr body instead of returning the
    // un-type-checked body.
    // FIXME: This should be handled by typeCheckExpression.
    auto range = AFD->getBodySourceRange();
    return BraceStmt::create(ctx, range.Start,
                             {new (ctx) ErrorExpr(range, ErrorType::get(ctx))},
                             range.End);
  };

  // First do a pre-check of the body.
  body = evaluateOrDefault(eval, PreCheckFunctionBodyRequest{AFD}, nullptr);
  assert(body);

  // Then apply a result builder if we have one, which if successful will
  // produce a type-checked body.
  bool alreadyTypeChecked = false;
  if (auto *func = dyn_cast<FuncDecl>(AFD)) {
    if (Type builderType = func->getResultBuilderType()) {
      if (auto optBody =
              TypeChecker::applyResultBuilderBodyTransform(
                func, builderType)) {
        if (!*optBody)
          return errorBody();

        body = *optBody;
        alreadyTypeChecked = true;

        ContextualizationWalker::contextualize(body, AFD);
      }
    }
  }

  // Typechecking, in particular ApplySolution is going to replace closures
  // with OpaqueValueExprs and then try to do lookups into the closures.
  // So, build out the body now.
  ASTScope::expandFunctionBody(AFD);

  if (AFD->isDistributedThunk()) {
    if (auto func = dyn_cast<FuncDecl>(AFD)) {
      if (TypeChecker::checkDistributedFunc(func)) {
        return errorBody();
      }
    }
  }

  // Type check the function body if needed.
  bool hadError = false;
  if (!alreadyTypeChecked) {
    StmtChecker SC(AFD);
    hadError = SC.typeCheckBody(body);
  }

  // Class constructor checking.
  if (auto *ctor = dyn_cast<ConstructorDecl>(AFD)) {
    if (auto classDecl = ctor->getDeclContext()->getSelfClassDecl()) {
      checkClassConstructorBody(classDecl, ctor, body);
    }
  }

  // Temporarily wire up the function body for some extra checks.
  // FIXME: Eliminate this.
  AFD->setBody(body, AbstractFunctionDecl::BodyKind::TypeChecked);

  // If nothing went wrong yet, perform extra checking.
  if (!hadError)
    performAbstractFuncDeclDiagnostics(AFD);

  if (!AFD->getDeclContext()->isLocalContext()) {
    checkFunctionActorIsolation(AFD);
    TypeChecker::checkFunctionEffects(AFD);
  }

  return hadError ? errorBody() : body;
}

bool TypeChecker::typeCheckTapBody(TapExpr *expr, DeclContext *DC) {
  // We intentionally use typeCheckStmt instead of typeCheckBody here
  // because we want to contextualize TapExprs with the body they're in.
  BraceStmt *body = expr->getBody();
  bool HadError = StmtChecker(DC).typeCheckStmt(body);
  if (body) {
    expr->setBody(body);
  }
  return HadError;
}

void TypeChecker::typeCheckTopLevelCodeDecl(TopLevelCodeDecl *TLCD) {
  BraceStmt *Body = TLCD->getBody();
  StmtChecker(TLCD).typeCheckBody(Body);
  TLCD->setBody(Body);

  checkTopLevelActorIsolation(TLCD);
  checkTopLevelEffects(TLCD);
  performTopLevelDeclDiagnostics(TLCD);
}

namespace {
/// An ASTWalker that searches for any break/continue/return statements that
/// jump out of the context the walker starts at.
class JumpOutOfContextFinder : public ASTWalker {
  const Stmt *ParentStmt;
  TinyPtrVector<Stmt *> &Jumps;
  SmallPtrSet<Stmt *, 4> ParentLabeledStmts;
  SmallPtrSet<CaseStmt *, 4> ParentCaseStmts;

public:
  JumpOutOfContextFinder(const Stmt *parentStmt, TinyPtrVector<Stmt *> &jumps)
      : ParentStmt(parentStmt), Jumps(jumps) {}

  MacroWalking getMacroWalkingBehavior() const override {
    return MacroWalking::Expansion;
  }

  PreWalkResult<Stmt *> walkToStmtPre(Stmt *S) override {
    if (auto *LS = dyn_cast<LabeledStmt>(S))
      ParentLabeledStmts.insert(LS);
    if (auto *CS = dyn_cast<CaseStmt>(S))
      ParentCaseStmts.insert(CS);

    // Cannot 'break', 'continue', 'fallthrough' or 'return' out of the
    // statement. A jump to a statement within a branch however is fine.
    if (auto *BS = dyn_cast<BreakStmt>(S)) {
      if (!ParentLabeledStmts.contains(BS->getTarget()))
        Jumps.push_back(BS);
    }
    if (auto *CS = dyn_cast<ContinueStmt>(S)) {
      if (!ParentLabeledStmts.contains(CS->getTarget()))
        Jumps.push_back(CS);
    }
    if (auto *FS = dyn_cast<FallthroughStmt>(S)) {
      // The source must either be in the parent statement, or must be a
      // nested CaseStmt we've seen. If there's no source, we will have
      // already diagnosed.
      if (auto *source = FS->getFallthroughSource()) {
        if (source->getParentStmt() != ParentStmt &&
            !ParentCaseStmts.contains(source)) {
          Jumps.push_back(FS);
        }
      }
    }
    if (isa<ReturnStmt>(S) || isa<FailStmt>(S))
      Jumps.push_back(S);

    return Action::Continue(S);
  }
  PostWalkResult<Stmt *> walkToStmtPost(Stmt *S) override {
    if (auto *LS = dyn_cast<LabeledStmt>(S)) {
      auto removed = ParentLabeledStmts.erase(LS);
      assert(removed);
      (void)removed;
    }
    if (auto *CS = dyn_cast<CaseStmt>(S)) {
      auto removed = ParentCaseStmts.erase(CS);
      assert(removed);
      (void)removed;
    }
    return Action::Continue(S);
  }

  PreWalkResult<Expr *> walkToExprPre(Expr *E) override {
    // We don't need to walk into closures, you can't jump out of them.
    return Action::SkipNodeIf(isa<AbstractClosureExpr>(E), E);
  }
  PreWalkAction walkToDeclPre(Decl *D) override {
    // We don't need to walk into any nested local decls.
    return Action::VisitNodeIf(isa<PatternBindingDecl>(D));
  }
};
} // end anonymous namespace

IsSingleValueStmtResult
areBranchesValidForSingleValueStmt(ASTContext &ctx, const Stmt *parentStmt,
                                   ArrayRef<Stmt *> branches) {
  TinyPtrVector<Stmt *> invalidJumps;
  TinyPtrVector<Stmt *> unterminatedBranches;
  JumpOutOfContextFinder jumpFinder(parentStmt, invalidJumps);

  // Must have a single expression brace, and non-single-expression branches
  // must end with a throw.
  bool hadResult = false;
  for (auto *branch : branches) {
    auto *BS = dyn_cast<BraceStmt>(branch);
    if (!BS)
      return IsSingleValueStmtResult::unhandledStmt();

    // Check to see if there are any invalid jumps.
    BS->walk(jumpFinder);

    // Must either have an explicit or implicit result for the branch.
    if (SingleValueStmtExpr::hasResult(BS) ||
        SingleValueStmtExpr::isLastElementImplicitResult(
            BS, ctx, /*mustBeSingleValueStmt*/ false)) {
      hadResult = true;
      continue;
    }

    // If there was no result, the branch must end in a 'throw' or
    // 'fallthrough'.
    auto endsInJump = [&]() {
      if (BS->empty())
        return false;

      auto *S = BS->getLastElement().dyn_cast<Stmt *>();
      if (!S)
        return false;

      return isa<ThrowStmt>(S) || isa<FallthroughStmt>(S);
    }();

    if (!endsInJump)
      unterminatedBranches.push_back(BS);
  }

  if (!invalidJumps.empty())
    return IsSingleValueStmtResult::invalidJumps(std::move(invalidJumps));

  if (!unterminatedBranches.empty()) {
    return IsSingleValueStmtResult::unterminatedBranches(
        std::move(unterminatedBranches));
  }

  // No branches produced a result, we can't turn this into an expression.
  if (!hadResult)
    return IsSingleValueStmtResult::noResult();

  return IsSingleValueStmtResult::valid();
}

IsSingleValueStmtResult
IsSingleValueStmtRequest::evaluate(Evaluator &eval, const Stmt *S,
                                   ASTContext *_ctx) const {
  assert(_ctx);
  auto &ctx = *_ctx;

  // Statements must be unlabeled.
  if (auto *LS = dyn_cast<LabeledStmt>(S)) {
    if (LS->getLabelInfo())
      return IsSingleValueStmtResult::hasLabel();
  }
  if (auto *IS = dyn_cast<IfStmt>(S)) {
    // Must be exhaustive.
    if (!IS->isSyntacticallyExhaustive())
      return IsSingleValueStmtResult::nonExhaustiveIf();

    SmallVector<Stmt *, 4> scratch;
    return areBranchesValidForSingleValueStmt(ctx, IS,
                                              IS->getBranches(scratch));
  }
  if (auto *SS = dyn_cast<SwitchStmt>(S)) {
    SmallVector<Stmt *, 4> scratch;
    return areBranchesValidForSingleValueStmt(ctx, SS,
                                              SS->getBranches(scratch));
  }
  if (auto *DS = dyn_cast<DoStmt>(S)) {
    if (!ctx.LangOpts.hasFeature(Feature::DoExpressions))
      return IsSingleValueStmtResult::unhandledStmt();

    return areBranchesValidForSingleValueStmt(ctx, DS, DS->getBody());
  }
  if (auto *DCS = dyn_cast<DoCatchStmt>(S)) {
    if (!ctx.LangOpts.hasFeature(Feature::DoExpressions))
      return IsSingleValueStmtResult::unhandledStmt();

    if (!DCS->isSyntacticallyExhaustive())
      return IsSingleValueStmtResult::nonExhaustiveDoCatch();

    SmallVector<Stmt *, 4> scratch;
    return areBranchesValidForSingleValueStmt(ctx, DCS,
                                              DCS->getBranches(scratch));
  }
  return IsSingleValueStmtResult::unhandledStmt();
}

void swift::checkUnknownAttrRestrictions(
    ASTContext &ctx, CaseStmt *caseBlock,
    bool &limitExhaustivityChecks) {
  CaseStmt *fallthroughDest = caseBlock->findNextCaseStmt();
  if (caseBlock->getCaseLabelItems().size() != 1) {
    assert(!caseBlock->getCaseLabelItems().empty() &&
           "parser should not produce case blocks with no items");
    ctx.Diags.diagnose(caseBlock->getLoc(),
                       diag::unknown_case_multiple_patterns)
        .highlight(caseBlock->getCaseLabelItems()[1].getSourceRange());
    limitExhaustivityChecks = true;
  }

  if (fallthroughDest != nullptr) {
    if (!caseBlock->isDefault())
      ctx.Diags.diagnose(caseBlock->getLoc(),
                         diag::unknown_case_must_be_last);
    limitExhaustivityChecks = true;
  }

  const auto &labelItem = caseBlock->getCaseLabelItems().front();
  if (labelItem.getGuardExpr() && !labelItem.isDefault()) {
    ctx.Diags.diagnose(labelItem.getStartLoc(),
                                   diag::unknown_case_where_clause)
        .highlight(labelItem.getGuardExpr()->getSourceRange());
  }

  const Pattern *pattern =
      labelItem.getPattern()->getSemanticsProvidingPattern();
  if (!isa<AnyPattern>(pattern)) {
    ctx.Diags.diagnose(labelItem.getStartLoc(),
                       diag::unknown_case_must_be_catchall)
        .highlight(pattern->getSourceRange());
  }
}

void swift::bindSwitchCasePatternVars(DeclContext *dc, CaseStmt *caseStmt) {
  llvm::SmallDenseMap<Identifier, std::pair<VarDecl *, bool>, 4> latestVars;
  auto recordVar = [&](Pattern *pattern, VarDecl *var) {
    if (!var->hasName())
      return;

    // If there is an existing variable with this name, set it as the
    // parent of this new variable.
    auto &entry = latestVars[var->getName()];
    if (entry.first) {
      assert(!var->getParentVarDecl() ||
             var->getParentVarDecl() == entry.first);
      var->setParentVarDecl(entry.first);

      // Check for a mutability mismatch.
      if (pattern && entry.second != var->isLet()) {
        // Find the original declaration.
        auto initialCaseVarDecl = entry.first;
        while (auto parentVar = initialCaseVarDecl->getParentVarDecl())
          initialCaseVarDecl = parentVar;

        auto diag = var->diagnose(diag::mutability_mismatch_multiple_pattern_list,
                                  var->isLet(), initialCaseVarDecl->isLet());

        BindingPattern *foundVP = nullptr;
        pattern->forEachNode([&](Pattern *P) {
          if (auto *VP = dyn_cast<BindingPattern>(P))
            if (VP->getSingleVar() == var)
              foundVP = VP;
        });
        if (foundVP)
          diag.fixItReplace(foundVP->getLoc(),
                            initialCaseVarDecl->isLet() ? "let" : "var");

        var->setInvalid();
        initialCaseVarDecl->setInvalid();
      }
    } else {
      entry.second = var->isLet();
    }

    // Record this variable as the latest with this name.
    entry.first = var;
  };

  // Wire up the parent var decls for each variable that occurs within
  // the patterns of each case item. in source order.
  for (auto &caseItem : caseStmt->getMutableCaseLabelItems()) {
    // Resolve the pattern.
    auto *pattern = caseItem.getPattern();
    if (!caseItem.isPatternResolved()) {
      pattern = TypeChecker::resolvePattern(
          pattern, dc, /*isStmtCondition=*/false);
      if (!pattern)
        continue;
    }

    caseItem.setPattern(pattern, /*resolved=*/true);
    pattern->forEachVariable( [&](VarDecl *var) {
      recordVar(pattern, var);
    });
  }

  // Wire up the case body variables to the latest patterns.
  for (auto bodyVar : caseStmt->getCaseBodyVariablesOrEmptyArray()) {
    recordVar(nullptr, bodyVar);
  }
}

FuncDecl *TypeChecker::getForEachIteratorNextFunction(
    DeclContext *dc, SourceLoc loc, bool isAsync
) {
  ASTContext &ctx = dc->getASTContext();

  // A synchronous for..in loop uses IteratorProtocol.next().
  if (!isAsync)
    return ctx.getIteratorNext();

  // If AsyncIteratorProtocol.next(isolation:) isn't available at all,
  // we're stuck using AsyncIteratorProtocol.next().
  auto nextElement = ctx.getAsyncIteratorNextIsolated();
  if (!nextElement)
    return ctx.getAsyncIteratorNext();

  // If the enclosing function has @_unsafeInheritsExecutor, then #isolation
  // does not work and we need to avoid relying on it.
  if (enclosingUnsafeInheritsExecutor(dc))
    return ctx.getAsyncIteratorNext();

  // If availability checking is disabled, use next(isolation:).
  if (ctx.LangOpts.DisableAvailabilityChecking || loc.isInvalid())
    return nextElement;

  // We can only call next(isolation:) if we are in an availability context
  // that supports typed throws.
  auto availability =
      AvailabilityContext::forLocation(loc, dc).getPlatformRange();
  if (availability.isContainedIn(ctx.getTypedThrowsAvailability()))
    return nextElement;

  // Fall back to AsyncIteratorProtocol.next().
  return ctx.getAsyncIteratorNext();
}