Merge pull request #436 from martinpopel/bleu

Proper BLEU evaluation

Author: lukaszkaiser

README.md

@@ -126,10 +126,13 @@ t2t-decoder \
   --output_dir=$TRAIN_DIR \
   --decode_hparams="beam_size=$BEAM_SIZE,alpha=$ALPHA" \
   --decode_from_file=$DECODE_FILE
-
-cat $DECODE_FILE.$MODEL.$HPARAMS.beam$BEAM_SIZE.alpha$ALPHA.decodes
+  --decode_to_file=translation.en
 ```
 
+# Eval BLEU
+
+t2t-bleu --translation=translation.en --reference=ref-translation.de
+
 ---
 
 ## Installation

setup.py

@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
         'tensor2tensor/bin/t2t-datagen',
         'tensor2tensor/bin/t2t-decoder',
         'tensor2tensor/bin/t2t-make-tf-configs',
+        'tensor2tensor/bin/t2t-bleu',
     ],
     install_requires=[
         'bz2file',

tensor2tensor/bin/t2t-bleu

@@ -0,0 +1,200 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python
+# coding=utf-8
+# Copyright 2017 The Tensor2Tensor Authors.
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+"""Evaluate BLEU score for all checkpoints in a given directory.
+
+This script can be used in two ways.
+
+To evaluate an already translated file:
+`t2t-bleu --translation=my-wmt13.de --reference=wmt13_deen.de`
+
+To evaluate all checkpoints in a given directory:
+`t2t-bleu
+  --model_dir=t2t_train
+  --data_dir=t2t_data
+  --translations_dir=my-translations
+  --problems=translate_ende_wmt32k
+  --hparams_set=transformer_big_single_gpu
+  --source=wmt13_deen.en
+  --reference=wmt13_deen.de`
+
+In addition to the above-mentioned compulsory parameters,
+there are optional parameters:
+
+ * bleu_variant: cased (case-sensitive), uncased, both (default).
+ * translations_dir: Where to store the translated files? Default="translations".
+ * even_subdir: Where in the model_dir to store the even file? Default="",
+   which means TensorBoard will show it as the same run as the training, but it will warn
+   about "more than one metagraph event per run". event_subdir can be used e.g. if running
+   this script several times with different `--decode_hparams="beam_size=$BEAM_SIZE,alpha=$ALPHA"`.
+ * tag_suffix: Default="", so the tags will be BLEU_cased and BLEU_uncased. Again, tag_suffix
+   can be used e.g. for different beam sizes if these should be plotted in different graphs.
+ * min_steps: Don't evaluate checkpoints with less steps.
+   Default=-1 means check the `last_evaluated_step.txt` file, which contains the number of steps
+   of the last successfully evaluated checkpoint.
+ * report_zero: Store BLEU=0 and guess its time based on flags.txt. Default=True.
+   This is useful, so TensorBoard reports correct relative time for the remaining checkpoints.
+   This flag is set to False if min_steps is > 0.
+ * wait_secs: Wait upto N seconds for a new checkpoint. Default=0.
+   This is useful for continuous evaluation of a running training,
+   in which case this should be equal to save_checkpoints_secs plus some reserve.
+"""
+from __future__ import absolute_import
+from __future__ import division
+from __future__ import print_function
+import os
+import time
+from collections import namedtuple
+from tensor2tensor.utils import decoding
+from tensor2tensor.utils import trainer_utils
+from tensor2tensor.utils import usr_dir
+from tensor2tensor.utils import bleu_hook
+import tensorflow as tf
+
+flags = tf.flags
+FLAGS = flags.FLAGS
+
+# t2t-bleu specific options
+flags.DEFINE_string("bleu_variant", "both", "Possible values: cased(case-sensitive), uncased, both(default).")
+flags.DEFINE_string("model_dir", "", "Directory to load model checkpoints from.")
+flags.DEFINE_string("translation", None, "Path to the MT system translation file")
+flags.DEFINE_string("source", None, "Path to the source-language file to be translated")
+flags.DEFINE_string("reference", None, "Path to the reference translation file")
+flags.DEFINE_string("translations_dir", "translations", "Where to store the translated files")
+flags.DEFINE_string("event_subdir", "", "Where in model_dir to store the event file")
+flags.DEFINE_string("tag_suffix", "", "What to add to BLEU_cased and BLEU_uncased tags. Default=''.")
+flags.DEFINE_integer("min_steps", -1, "Don't evaluate checkpoints with less steps.")
+flags.DEFINE_integer("wait_secs", 0, "Wait upto N seconds for a new checkpoint, cf. save_checkpoints_secs.")
+flags.DEFINE_bool("report_zero", None, "Store BLEU=0 and guess its time based on flags.txt")
+
+# options derived from t2t-decode
+flags.DEFINE_integer("decode_shards", 1, "Number of decoding replicas.")
+flags.DEFINE_string("t2t_usr_dir", "",
+                    "Path to a Python module that will be imported. The "
+                    "__init__.py file should include the necessary imports. "
+                    "The imported files should contain registrations, "
+                    "e.g. @registry.register_model calls, that will then be "
+                    "available to the t2t-decoder.")
+flags.DEFINE_string("master", "", "Address of TensorFlow master.")
+flags.DEFINE_string("schedule", "train_and_evaluate",
+                    "Must be train_and_evaluate for decoding.")
+
+Model = namedtuple('Model', 'filename time steps')
+
+
+def read_checkpoints_list(model_dir, min_steps):
+  models = [Model(x[:-6], os.path.getctime(x), int(x[:-6].rsplit('-')[-1]))
+            for x in tf.gfile.Glob(os.path.join(model_dir, 'model.ckpt-*.index'))]
+  return sorted((x for x in models if x.steps > min_steps), key=lambda x: x.steps)
+
+def main(_):
+  tf.logging.set_verbosity(tf.logging.INFO)
+  if FLAGS.translation:
+    if FLAGS.model_dir:
+      raise ValueError('Cannot specify both --translation and --model_dir.')
+    if FLAGS.bleu_variant in ('uncased', 'both'):
+      bleu = 100 * bleu_hook.bleu_wrapper(FLAGS.reference, FLAGS.translation, case_sensitive=False)
+      print("BLEU_uncased = %6.2f" % bleu)
+    if FLAGS.bleu_variant in ('cased', 'both'):
+      bleu = 100 * bleu_hook.bleu_wrapper(FLAGS.reference, FLAGS.translation, case_sensitive=True)
+      print("BLEU_cased = %6.2f" % bleu)
+    return
+
+  usr_dir.import_usr_dir(FLAGS.t2t_usr_dir)
+  FLAGS.model = FLAGS.model or 'transformer'
+  FLAGS.output_dir = FLAGS.model_dir
+  trainer_utils.log_registry()
+  trainer_utils.validate_flags()
+  assert FLAGS.schedule == "train_and_evaluate"
+  data_dir = os.path.expanduser(FLAGS.data_dir)
+  model_dir = os.path.expanduser(FLAGS.model_dir)
+
+  hparams = trainer_utils.create_hparams(
+      FLAGS.hparams_set, data_dir, passed_hparams=FLAGS.hparams)
+  trainer_utils.add_problem_hparams(hparams, FLAGS.problems)
+  estimator, _ = trainer_utils.create_experiment_components(
+      data_dir=data_dir,
+      model_name=FLAGS.model,
+      hparams=hparams,
+      run_config=trainer_utils.create_run_config(model_dir))
+
+  decode_hp = decoding.decode_hparams(FLAGS.decode_hparams)
+  decode_hp.add_hparam("shards", FLAGS.decode_shards)
+  decode_hp.add_hparam("shard_id", FLAGS.worker_id)
+
+  os.makedirs(FLAGS.translations_dir, exist_ok=True)
+  translated_base_file = os.path.join(FLAGS.translations_dir, FLAGS.problems)
+  event_dir = os.path.join(FLAGS.model_dir, FLAGS.event_subdir)
+  last_step_file = os.path.join(event_dir, 'last_evaluated_step.txt')
+  if FLAGS.min_steps == -1:
+    try:
+      with open(last_step_file) as ls_file:
+        FLAGS.min_steps = int(ls_file.read())
+    except FileNotFoundError:
+      FLAGS.min_steps = 0
+  if FLAGS.report_zero is None:
+    FLAGS.report_zero = FLAGS.min_steps == 0
+
+  models = read_checkpoints_list(model_dir, FLAGS.min_steps)
+  tf.logging.info("Found %d models with steps: %s" % (len(models), ", ".join(str(x.steps) for x in models)))
+
+  writer = tf.summary.FileWriter(event_dir)
+  if FLAGS.report_zero:
+    start_time = os.path.getctime(os.path.join(model_dir, 'flags.txt'))
+    values = []
+    if FLAGS.bleu_variant in ('uncased', 'both'):
+      values.append(tf.Summary.Value(tag='BLEU_uncased' + FLAGS.tag_suffix, simple_value=0))
+    if FLAGS.bleu_variant in ('cased', 'both'):
+      values.append(tf.Summary.Value(tag='BLEU_cased' + FLAGS.tag_suffix, simple_value=0))
+    writer.add_event(tf.summary.Event(summary=tf.Summary(value=values), wall_time=start_time, step=0))
+
+  exit_time = time.time() + FLAGS.wait_secs
+  min_steps = FLAGS.min_steps
+  while True:
+    if not models and FLAGS.wait_secs:
+      tf.logging.info('All checkpoints evaluated. Waiting till %s if a new checkpoint appears' % time.asctime(time.localtime(exit_time)))
+      while True:
+        time.sleep(10)
+        models = read_checkpoints_list(model_dir, min_steps)
+        if models or time.time() > exit_time:
+          break
+    if not models:
+      return
+
+    model = models.pop(0)
+    exit_time, min_steps = model.time + FLAGS.wait_secs, model.steps
+    tf.logging.info("Evaluating " + model.filename)
+    out_file = translated_base_file + '-' + str(model.steps)
+    tf.logging.set_verbosity(tf.logging.ERROR) # decode_from_file logs all the translations as INFO
+    decoding.decode_from_file(estimator, FLAGS.source, decode_hp, out_file, checkpoint_path=model.filename)
+    tf.logging.set_verbosity(tf.logging.INFO)
+    values = []
+    if FLAGS.bleu_variant in ('uncased', 'both'):
+      bleu = 100 * bleu_hook.bleu_wrapper(FLAGS.reference, out_file, case_sensitive=False)
+      values.append(tf.Summary.Value(tag='BLEU_uncased' + FLAGS.tag_suffix, simple_value=bleu))
+      tf.logging.info("%s: BLEU_uncased = %6.2f" % (model.filename, bleu))
+    if FLAGS.bleu_variant in ('cased', 'both'):
+      bleu = 100 * bleu_hook.bleu_wrapper(FLAGS.reference, out_file, case_sensitive=True)
+      values.append(tf.Summary.Value(tag='BLEU_cased' + FLAGS.tag_suffix, simple_value=bleu))
+      tf.logging.info("%s: BLEU_cased = %6.2f" % (model.filename, bleu))
+    writer.add_event(tf.summary.Event(summary=tf.Summary(value=values), wall_time=model.time, step=model.steps))
+    writer.flush()
+    with open(last_step_file, 'w') as ls_file:
+      ls_file.write(str(model.steps) + '\n')
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+  tf.app.run()

tensor2tensor/bin/t2t-datagen

@@ -46,7 +46,10 @@ import tensorflow as tf
 flags = tf.flags
 FLAGS = flags.FLAGS
 
-flags.DEFINE_string("output_dir", "", "Training directory to load from.")
+flags.DEFINE_string("output_dir", "",
+                    "Training directory where the latest checkpoint is used.")
+flags.DEFINE_string("checkpoint_path", None,
+                    "Path to the model checkpoint. Overrides output_dir.")
 flags.DEFINE_string("decode_from_file", None,
                     "Path to the source file for decoding")
 flags.DEFINE_string("decode_to_file", None,
@@ -90,7 +93,7 @@ def main(_):
     decoding.decode_interactively(estimator, decode_hp)
   elif FLAGS.decode_from_file:
     decoding.decode_from_file(estimator, FLAGS.decode_from_file, decode_hp,
-                              FLAGS.decode_to_file)
+                              FLAGS.decode_to_file, checkpoint_path=FLAGS.checkpoint_path)
   else:
     decoding.decode_from_dataset(
         estimator,

tensor2tensor/bin/t2t-decoder

@@ -20,13 +20,17 @@
 
 import collections
 import math
+import re
+import sys
+import unicodedata
 
 # Dependency imports
 
 import numpy as np
 # pylint: disable=redefined-builtin
 from six.moves import xrange
 from six.moves import zip
+import six
 # pylint: enable=redefined-builtin
 
 import tensorflow as tf
@@ -92,10 +96,17 @@ def compute_bleu(reference_corpus,
       matches_by_order[len(ngram) - 1] += overlap[ngram]
     for ngram in translation_ngram_counts:
       possible_matches_by_order[len(ngram)-1] += translation_ngram_counts[ngram]
+  assert reference_length, "no reference provided"
+  assert translation_length, "no translation provided"
   precisions = [0] * max_order
+  smooth = 1.0
   for i in xrange(0, max_order):
     if possible_matches_by_order[i] > 0:
-      precisions[i] = matches_by_order[i] / possible_matches_by_order[i]
+      if matches_by_order[i] > 0:
+        precisions[i] = matches_by_order[i] / possible_matches_by_order[i]
+      else:
+        smooth *= 2
+        precisions[i] = 1.0 / (smooth * possible_matches_by_order[i])
     else:
       precisions[i] = 0.0
 
@@ -131,3 +142,58 @@ def bleu_score(predictions, labels, **unused_kwargs):
 
   bleu = tf.py_func(compute_bleu, (labels, outputs), tf.float32)
   return bleu, tf.constant(1.0)
+
+
+class UnicodeRegex:
+  """Ad-hoc hack to recognize all punctuation and symbols.
+
+  without dependening on https://pypi.python.org/pypi/regex/."""
+  def _property_chars(prefix):
+    return ''.join(six.unichr(x) for x in range(sys.maxunicode)
+                   if unicodedata.category(six.unichr(x)).startswith(prefix))
+  punctuation = _property_chars('P')
+  nondigit_punct_re = re.compile(r'([^\d])([' + punctuation + r'])')
+  punct_nondigit_re = re.compile(r'([' + punctuation + r'])([^\d])')
+  symbol_re = re.compile('([' + _property_chars('S') + '])')
+
+
+def bleu_tokenize(string):
+  r"""Tokenize a string following the official BLEU implementation.
+
+  See https://github.com/moses-smt/mosesdecoder/blob/master/scripts/generic/mteval-v14.pl#L954-L983
+  In our case, the input string is expected to be just one line
+  and no HTML entities de-escaping is needed.
+  So we just tokenize on punctuation and symbols,
+  except when a punctuation is preceded and followed by a digit
+  (e.g. a comma/dot as a thousand/decimal separator).
+
+  Note that a numer (e.g. a year) followed by a dot at the end of sentence is NOT tokenized,
+  i.e. the dot stays with the number because `s/(\p{P})(\P{N})/ $1 $2/g`
+  does not match this case (unless we add a space after each sentence).
+  However, this error is already in the original mteval-v14.pl
+  and we want to be consistent with it.
+
+  Args:
+    string: the input string
+
+  Returns:
+    a list of tokens
+  """
+  string = UnicodeRegex.nondigit_punct_re.sub(r'\1 \2 ', string)
+  string = UnicodeRegex.punct_nondigit_re.sub(r' \1 \2', string)
+  string = UnicodeRegex.symbol_re.sub(r' \1 ', string)
+  return string.split()
+
+
+def bleu_wrapper(ref_filename, hyp_filename, case_sensitive=False):
+  """Compute BLEU for two files (reference and hypothesis translation)."""
+  # TODO: Does anyone care about Python2 compatibility?
+  ref_lines = open(ref_filename, 'rt', encoding='utf-8').read().splitlines()
+  hyp_lines = open(hyp_filename, 'rt', encoding='utf-8').read().splitlines()
+  assert len(ref_lines) == len(hyp_lines)
+  if not case_sensitive:
+    ref_lines = [x.lower() for x in ref_lines]
+    hyp_lines = [x.lower() for x in hyp_lines]
+  ref_tokens = [bleu_tokenize(x) for x in ref_lines]
+  hyp_tokens = [bleu_tokenize(x) for x in hyp_lines]
+  return compute_bleu(ref_tokens, hyp_tokens)

tensor2tensor/bin/t2t-make-tf-configs

@@ -39,8 +39,9 @@ def testComputeNotEqual(self):
     translation_corpus = [[1, 2, 3, 4]]
     reference_corpus = [[5, 6, 7, 8]]
     bleu = bleu_hook.compute_bleu(reference_corpus, translation_corpus)
-    actual_bleu = 0.0
-    self.assertEqual(bleu, actual_bleu)
+    # The smoothing prevents 0 for small corpora
+    actual_bleu = 0.0798679
+    self.assertAllClose(bleu, actual_bleu, atol=1e-03)
 
   def testComputeMultipleBatch(self):
     translation_corpus = [[1, 2, 3, 4], [5, 6, 7, 0]]
@@ -53,8 +54,9 @@ def testComputeMultipleNgrams(self):
     reference_corpus = [[1, 2, 1, 13], [12, 6, 7, 4, 8, 9, 10]]
     translation_corpus = [[1, 2, 1, 3], [5, 6, 7, 4]]
     bleu = bleu_hook.compute_bleu(reference_corpus, translation_corpus)
-    actual_bleu = 0.486
+    actual_bleu = 0.3436
     self.assertAllClose(bleu, actual_bleu, atol=1e-03)
 
+
 if __name__ == '__main__':
   tf.test.main()

tensor2tensor/bin/t2t-trainer

@@ -200,7 +200,7 @@ def decode_from_dataset(estimator,
     tf.logging.info("Completed inference on %d samples." % num_predictions)  # pylint: disable=undefined-loop-variable
 
 
-def decode_from_file(estimator, filename, decode_hp, decode_to_file=None):
+def decode_from_file(estimator, filename, decode_hp, decode_to_file=None, checkpoint_path=None):
   """Compute predictions on entries in filename and write them out."""
   if not decode_hp.batch_size:
     decode_hp.batch_size = 32
@@ -230,7 +230,7 @@ def input_fn():
     return _decode_input_tensor_to_features_dict(example, hparams)
 
   decodes = []
-  result_iter = estimator.predict(input_fn)
+  result_iter = estimator.predict(input_fn, checkpoint_path=checkpoint_path)
   for result in result_iter:
     if decode_hp.return_beams:
       beam_decodes = []