diff --git a/packages/runtime-core/src/rendererTemplateRef.ts b/packages/runtime-core/src/rendererTemplateRef.ts
index bffe1a25321..ac703e07377 100644
--- a/packages/runtime-core/src/rendererTemplateRef.ts
+++ b/packages/runtime-core/src/rendererTemplateRef.ts
@@ -139,7 +139,8 @@ export function setRef(
           warn('Invalid template ref type:', ref, `(${typeof ref})`)
         }
       }
-      if (value) {
+
+      if (value || (vnode.transition && !vnode.transition.persisted)) {
         // #1789: for non-null values, set them after render
         // null values means this is unmount and it should not overwrite another
         // ref with the same key
diff --git a/packages/vue/__tests__/e2e/TransitionGroup.spec.ts b/packages/vue/__tests__/e2e/TransitionGroup.spec.ts
index 22f22540902..d243c00aa2b 100644
--- a/packages/vue/__tests__/e2e/TransitionGroup.spec.ts
+++ b/packages/vue/__tests__/e2e/TransitionGroup.spec.ts
@@ -297,6 +297,57 @@ describe('e2e: TransitionGroup', () => {
     E2E_TIMEOUT,
   )
 
+  test(
+    'ref',
+    async () => {
+      await page().evaluate(() => {
+        const { createApp, ref } = (window as any).Vue
+        createApp({
+          template: `
+              <div id="container">
+                <transition-group name="group">
+                  <div v-for="item in items" :key="item" ref="itemRef" class="test">{{item}}</div>
+                </transition-group>
+              </div>
+              <button id="toggleBtn" @click="click">button</button>
+            `,
+          setup: () => {
+            const items = ref(['a', 'b', 'c'])
+            const click = () => (items.value = ['d', 'b', 'a'])
+            const itemRef = ref()
+            return { click, items, itemRef }
+          },
+        }).mount('#app')
+      })
+      expect(await html('#container')).toBe(
+        `<div class="test">a</div>` +
+          `<div class="test">b</div>` +
+          `<div class="test">c</div>`,
+      )
+
+      expect(await htmlWhenTransitionStart()).toBe(
+        `<div class="test group-enter-from group-enter-active">d</div>` +
+          `<div class="test">b</div>` +
+          `<div class="test group-move" style="">a</div>` +
+          `<div class="test group-leave-from group-leave-active group-move" style="">c</div>`,
+      )
+      await nextFrame()
+      expect(await html('#container')).toBe(
+        `<div class="test group-enter-active group-enter-to">d</div>` +
+          `<div class="test">b</div>` +
+          `<div class="test group-move" style="">a</div>` +
+          `<div class="test group-leave-active group-move group-leave-to" style="">c</div>`,
+      )
+      await transitionFinish(duration * 2)
+      expect(await html('#container')).toBe(
+        `<div class="test">d</div>` +
+          `<div class="test">b</div>` +
+          `<div class="test" style="">a</div>`,
+      )
+    },
+    E2E_TIMEOUT,
+  )
+
   test(
     'dynamic name',
     async () => {