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boards: qemu: Add support for qemu_max board
What is changed? - Added support for multi-core SMP with QEMU through the `qemu_max_qemu_max_smp` configuration and associated DTS and YAML files. - Updated SoC-specific configurations under `soc/arm/qemu_max`, including Kconfig, SoC-specific settings, and memory regions in `mmu_regions.c`. - Added device tree include file `qemu-virt-max.dtsi` for enhanced compatibility with the qemu_max board. Why do we need this change? - The qemu_max board supports the hardware features of ARMv8.1+, while the existing qemu_cortex_a53 does not. Signed-off-by: Guoqi Xie <[email protected]>
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‎boards/qemu/max/Kconfig

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# Copyright 2024-2025 HNU-ESNL: Guoqi Xie, Chenglai Xiong, Xingyu Hu and etc.
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# Copyright 2024-2025 openEuler SIG-Zephyr
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# SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0

‎boards/qemu/max/Kconfig.defconfig

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# Copyright 2024-2025 HNU-ESNL: Guoqi Xie, Chenglai Xiong, Xingyu Hu and etc.
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# Copyright 2024-2025 openEuler SIG-Zephyr
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# SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
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if BOARD_QEMU_MAX
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config BUILD_OUTPUT_BIN
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default y
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config MAX_THREAD_BYTES
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default 3
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# QEMU PCI requires at least 256M of virtual space
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config KERNEL_VM_SIZE
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default 0x80000000 if PCIE
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# QEMU PCI requires physical addresses with more than 32 bits
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choice ARM64_VA_BITS
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default ARM64_VA_BITS_40 if PCIE
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endchoice
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choice ARM64_PA_BITS
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default ARM64_PA_BITS_40 if PCIE
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endchoice
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if QEMU_ICOUNT
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config QEMU_ICOUNT_SHIFT
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default 4
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config QEMU_ICOUNT_SLEEP
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default y
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endif # QEMU_ICOUNT
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endif # BOARD_QEMU_MAX

‎boards/qemu/max/Kconfig.qemu_max

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# Copyright 2024-2025 HNU-ESNL: Guoqi Xie, Chenglai Xiong, Xingyu Hu and etc.
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# Copyright 2024-2025 openEuler SIG-Zephyr
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# SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
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config BOARD_QEMU_MAX
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select SOC_QEMU_MAX

‎boards/qemu/max/board.cmake

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# Copyright 2024-2025 HNU-ESNL: Guoqi Xie, Chenglai Xiong, Xingyu Hu and etc.
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# Copyright 2024-2025 openEuler SIG-Zephyr
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# SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
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set(SUPPORTED_EMU_PLATFORMS qemu)
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set(QEMU_ARCH aarch64)
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set(QEMU_CPU_TYPE_${ARCH} max)
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if(CONFIG_ARMV8_A_NS)
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set(QEMU_MACH virt,gic-version=3)
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else()
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set(QEMU_MACH virt,secure=on,gic-version=3)
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endif()
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set(QEMU_FLAGS_${ARCH}
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-cpu ${QEMU_CPU_TYPE_${ARCH}}
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-nographic
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-machine ${QEMU_MACH}
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)
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board_set_debugger_ifnset(qemu)

‎boards/qemu/max/board.yml

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board:
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name: qemu_max
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full_name: QEMU Emulation for ARM MAX
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vendor: arm
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socs:
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- name: qemu_max
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variants:
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- name: smp

‎boards/qemu/max/doc/index.rst

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.. zephyr:board:: qemu_max
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Overview
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********
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This board configuration will use QEMU to emulate a generic MAX hardware
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platform.
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This configuration provides support for an ARM MAX CPU and these
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devices:
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* GIC-400 interrupt controller
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* ARM architected timer
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* PL011 UART controller
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Hardware
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********
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Supported Features
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==================
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The following hardware features are supported:
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+--------------+------------+----------------------+
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| Interface | Controller | Driver/Component |
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+==============+============+======================+
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| GIC | on-chip | interrupt controller |
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+--------------+------------+----------------------+
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| PL011 UART | on-chip | serial port |
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+--------------+------------+----------------------+
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| ARM TIMER | on-chip | system clock |
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+--------------+------------+----------------------+
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The kernel currently does not support other hardware features on this platform.
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Devices
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========
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System Clock
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------------
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This board configuration uses a system clock frequency of 62.5 MHz.
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Serial Port
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-----------
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This board configuration uses a single serial communication channel with the
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CPU's UART0.
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Known Problems or Limitations
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==============================
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The following platform features are unsupported:
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* Writing to the hardware's flash memory
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Programming and Debugging
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*************************
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Use this configuration to run basic Zephyr applications and kernel tests in the QEMU
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emulated environment, for example, with the :zephyr:code-sample:`synchronization` sample:
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.. zephyr-app-commands::
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:zephyr-app: samples/synchronization
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:host-os: unix
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:board: qemu_max
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:goals: run
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This will build an image with the synchronization sample app, boot it using
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QEMU, and display the following console output:
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.. code-block:: console
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***** Booting Zephyr OS build zephyr-v2.0.0-1657-g99d310da48e5 *****
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threadA: Hello World from cpu 0 on qemu_max!
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threadB: Hello World from cpu 0 on qemu_max!
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threadA: Hello World from cpu 0 on qemu_max!
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threadB: Hello World from cpu 0 on qemu_max!
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threadA: Hello World from cpu 0 on qemu_max!
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threadB: Hello World from cpu 0 on qemu_max!
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threadA: Hello World from cpu 0 on qemu_max!
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threadB: Hello World from cpu 0 on qemu_max!
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Exit QEMU by pressing :kbd:`CTRL+A` :kbd:`x`.
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Debugging
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=========
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Refer to the detailed overview about :ref:`application_debugging`.
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Networking
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==========
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The board supports the QEMU built-in Ethernet adapter to connect to the host
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system. See :ref:`networking_with_eth_qemu` for details.
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It is also possible to use SLIP networking over an emulated serial port.
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Although this board only supports a single UART, so subsystems like logging
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and shell would need to be disabled, therefore this is not directly supported.
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References
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**********
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.. target-notes::
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1. (ID050815) ARM® Cortex®-A Series - Programmer’s Guide for ARMv8-A
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2. (ID070919) Arm® Architecture Reference Manual - Armv8, for Armv8-A architecture profile
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3. (ARM DAI 0527A) Application Note Bare-metal Boot Code for ARMv8-A Processors
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4. AArch64 Exception and Interrupt Handling
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5. Fundamentals of ARMv8-A

‎boards/qemu/max/qemu_max.dts

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/*
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* Copyright 2024-2025 HNU-ESNL: Guoqi Xie, Chenglai Xiong, Xingyu Hu and etc.
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* Copyright 2024-2025 openEuler SIG-Zephyr
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*
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* SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
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*/
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/dts-v1/;
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#include <arm64/qemu/qemu-virt-max.dtsi>
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/ {
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model = "QEMU MAX";
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compatible = "qemu,arm-max";
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psci {
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compatible = "arm,psci-0.2";
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method = "hvc";
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};
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chosen {
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zephyr,sram = &sram0;
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zephyr,console = &uart0;
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zephyr,shell-uart = &uart0;
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zephyr,flash = &flash0;
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};
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soc {
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sram0: memory@40000000 {
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compatible = "mmio-sram";
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reg = <0x0 0x40000000 0x0 DT_SIZE_M(128)>;
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};
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};
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};
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&uart0 {
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status = "okay";
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current-speed = <115200>;
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};

‎boards/qemu/max/qemu_max.yaml

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identifier: qemu_max
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name: QEMU Emulation for ARM MAX
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type: qemu
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simulation:
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- name: qemu
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arch: arm64
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toolchain:
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- zephyr
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- cross-compile
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ram: 128
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ram: 131072
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testing:
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default: true
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ignore_tags:
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- net
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- bluetooth
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vendor: qemu

‎boards/qemu/max/qemu_max_defconfig

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CONFIG_ARM_ARCH_TIMER=y
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# Cache management
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CONFIG_CACHE_MANAGEMENT=y
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# Enable UART driver
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CONFIG_SERIAL=y
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# Enable console
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CONFIG_CONSOLE=y
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CONFIG_UART_CONSOLE=y
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# Enable serial port
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CONFIG_UART_INTERRUPT_DRIVEN=y
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# Avoid timing skew in tests
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CONFIG_QEMU_ICOUNT=y
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# MMU Options
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CONFIG_MAX_XLAT_TABLES=32

‎boards/qemu/max/qemu_max_qemu_max_smp.dts

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/*
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* Copyright 2024-2025 HNU-ESNL: Guoqi Xie, Chenglai Xiong, Xingyu Hu and etc.
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* Copyright 2024-2025 openEuler SIG-Zephyr
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*
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* SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
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*/
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#include "qemu_max.dts"

‎boards/qemu/max/qemu_max_qemu_max_smp.yaml

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identifier: qemu_max/qemu_max/smp
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name: QEMU Emulation for MAX SMP (ARM)
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type: qemu
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simulation:
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- name: qemu
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arch: arm64
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toolchain:
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- zephyr
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- cross-compile
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ram: 128
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supported:
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- smp
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testing:
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default: true
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ignore_tags:
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- net
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- bluetooth
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vendor: qemu

‎boards/qemu/max/qemu_max_qemu_max_smp_defconfig

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CONFIG_ARM_ARCH_TIMER=y
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# Cache management
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CONFIG_CACHE_MANAGEMENT=y
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# Enable UART driver
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CONFIG_SERIAL=y
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# Enable console
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CONFIG_CONSOLE=y
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CONFIG_UART_CONSOLE=y
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# Enable serial port
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CONFIG_UART_INTERRUPT_DRIVEN=y
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# icount does not work well with SMP
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CONFIG_QEMU_ICOUNT=n
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# We have multiple QEMU-A53 boards, so let us exercise ARMV8_A_NS on this one
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# (plus it is needed for SMP)
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CONFIG_ARMV8_A_NS=y
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# PSCI is supported with NS
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CONFIG_PM_CPU_OPS=y
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# SMP-related
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CONFIG_SMP=y
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CONFIG_MP_MAX_NUM_CPUS=2
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CONFIG_TIMEOUT_64BIT=y
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# MMU Options
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CONFIG_MAX_XLAT_TABLES=32

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