feat: add task caching with hash-based cache invalidation

[IKatsuba]

This pull request introduces several significant changes to the packages/cli module, including enhancements to caching, logging, and dependency management. The most important changes are grouped by theme below:

Caching Enhancements:

• Added a new TaskCacheManager class to manage task caching, including methods for saving and retrieving task cache, hash cache, and artifacts (packages/cli/lib/cache.ts).
• Integrated task caching into the CLI command, with options to enable or disable caching (packages/cli/mod.ts).

Logging Improvements:

• Introduced a new Logger class using the signale library for improved logging capabilities (packages/cli/lib/logger.ts).
• Replaced console statements with the new logger in various files to standardize logging (packages/cli/lib/git.ts, packages/cli/mod.ts). [1] [2] [3]

Dependency Management:

• Enhanced the Graph class to include methods for handling dependency edges and levels, which helps in organizing packages based on their dependencies (packages/cli/lib/graph.ts). [1] [2] [3] [4] [5]
• Updated PackageJson interface to include optional fields and a runx configuration for task artifacts (packages/cli/lib/graph.ts).

Configuration Updates:

• Modified deno.json and packages/cli/deno.json to include new permissions and dependencies necessary for the changes (deno.json, packages/cli/deno.json). [1] [2]

Miscellaneous:

• Added functionality to include staged files in the list of changed files (packages/cli/lib/git.ts).