[DOCS] Rewrite prefix query docs

[jrodewig]

Changes

• Rewrites description of prefix query
• Include boost and rewrite parameters in example request
• Adds parameters sections

This is part of #40977, an effort to standardize documentation for query types.

Any and all feedback welcome!

Before

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After

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[elasticmachine]

Pinging @elastic/es-search

[jrodewig]

@elasticmachine run elasticsearch-ci/docs-check

[jrodewig]

@elasticmachine run elasticsearch-ci/docbldesx

[cbuescher]

Nice rewrite again, I left two small questions.

[cbuescher]

Should this be "prefix" instead of "term"?

[jrodewig]

Good catch. Copy/paste error. Fixed with 1e6ca49.

[cbuescher]

I'm wondering if this parameter should be included in the "default" example since IMHO its pretty much an advanced parameter and mentioned later (also, constant_score should be the default, so not necessary here).
Did you consider also documenting the previous "short" form or do we want to discourage ppl. from using it?

[jrodewig]

Great question!

I've been using the longer form requests because it's easier to delineate additional parameters. This is less of an issue with the prefix query, but I used the longer form so it's consistent with other queries. However, I'm open to changing this if wanted.

I've removed the rewrite parameter and added a "short request example" with 1e6ca49 and d58de59.

[jrodewig]

Thanks again for your review, @cbuescher. I've made a few changes in response to your feedback.

Let me know if you have any other thoughts.

[romseygeek]

It might be worth also referring to the index-prefixes option on text fields, which speed up prefix queries considerably.

[jrodewig]

Great suggestion @romseygeek. I've added a section for index_prefixes with b20e099.

[cbuescher]

Thanks for the changes, LGTM