[DOCS] Reformat percolate query

[jrodewig]

Updates the percolate query to use the new query format.

This creates separate sections for the example requests, parameters, and notes. Also makes other supporting changes:

• Changes the percolator field name from query to stored-query in examples to reduce confusion with the query parameter of the search API
• Renames and adds anchors to several headings

This is part of #40977, an effort to standardize documentation for query types.

Preview

http://elasticsearch_45055.docs-preview.app.elstc.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/master/query-dsl-percolate-query.html

[elasticmachine]

Pinging @elastic/es-search

[elasticmachine]

Pinging @elastic/es-docs