Fix crash when closing a window with Alt+F4 in multi-win Flutter on Windows

[hbatagelo]

Fixes #158450.

As mentioned in #158450, the crash occurs because a destroyed object may be accessed if the window and view have already been destroyed by the time KeyEventCallback is called. This issue is not limited to the Alt+F4 system key; it may also occur if the window is closed using other key presses, such as pressing Enter after navigating to a dialog's "Close" button.

This PR proposes a fix that checks whether the view ID is still valid when the callback is invoked. If the view is invalid, the event is skipped for that view.

A unit test has been added to assert that the KeyEventCallback is invoked when the associated view is valid, and not invoked when the view is destroyed.

Pre-launch Checklist

• I read the Contributor Guide and followed the process outlined there for submitting PRs.
• I read the Tree Hygiene wiki page, which explains my responsibilities.
• I read and followed the Flutter Style Guide and the C++, Objective-C, Java style guides.
• I listed at least one issue that this PR fixes in the description above.
• I added new tests to check the change I am making or feature I am adding, or the PR is test-exempt. See testing the engine for instructions on writing and running engine tests.
• I updated/added relevant documentation (doc comments with ///).
• I signed the CLA.
• All existing and new tests are passing.

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[jtmcdole]

Monorepo Migration Completed

TL;DR: Please migrate your PR to flutter/flutter

The flutter/engine repository has been migrated to the flutter/flutter repository. This PR will no longer be landed here and must be migrated. To migrate your PR to the flutter repository, please follow these steps:

1. Create a patch for this PR:

   • Generate a patch set that represents the changes in this PR. The exact method will vary depending on your PR's history. If your PR includes merges, it is highly recommended that you rebase it onto main first.

   git format-patch $START_COMMIT..$END_COMMIT --stdout > combined_patch.patch

2. Update the patch for the new engine location:

   • The engine source code now resides in the engine/ subdirectory within the flutter/flutter repository. You'll need to update the file paths in your patch accordingly.

   # Insert the `engine/` prefix to all paths. Note that this usage works on macOS and
   # linux versions of sed.
   sed -i.bak \
   -e 's|^\(diff --git a/\)\(.*\) b/\(.*\)|\1engine/\2 b/engine/src/flutter/\3|' \
   -e 's|^\(--- a/\)\(.*\)|\1engine/src/flutter/\2|' \
   -e 's|^\(\+\+\+ b/\)\(.*\)|\1engine/src/flutter/\2|' \
   combined_patch.patch

3. Checkout and set up your Flutter development environment:

   • Follow the instructions in Setting up the Framework development environment to check out the flutter/flutter repository.
   • Remember to rename the origin remote to upstream (e.g., git remote rename origin upstream).

4. Set up the engine development environment within the monorepo:

   • Follow the updated instructions in Setting up the engine environment, paying close attention to the changes in gclient setup and location.

5. Apply the patch to a new branch:

   • Create a new branch in your flutter/flutter repository.
   • Apply the updated patch to this branch:

   git apply combined_patch.patch

6. Open a new PR:

   • Open a new PR in the flutter/flutter repository with your changes.
   • Reference this original PR in the new PR's description using flutter/engine#<PR_NUMBER>.

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