Enable context injection into resources

[jonvet]

closes #244

Motivation and Context

According to the readme it should be possible to pass a Context to a resource (like it is for tools), but that's currently throwing an error (#244)

How Has This Been Tested?

Added tests, and confirmed with inspector that the below demo server works as intended:

from mcp.server.fastmcp import FastMCP, Context

mcp = FastMCP("Demo")


@mcp.resource("identification://{name}")
def get_ids(name: str, ctx: Context) -> str:
    request_id = ctx.request_id
    client_id = ctx.client_id
    return str(f"{request_id},{client_id}")

Breaking Changes

Types of changes

• Bug fix (non-breaking change which fixes an issue)
• New feature (non-breaking change which adds functionality)
• Breaking change (fix or feature that would cause existing functionality to change)
• Documentation update

Checklist

• I have read the MCP Documentation
• My code follows the repository's style guidelines
• New and existing tests pass locally
• I have added appropriate error handling
• I have added or updated documentation as needed

Additional context

I tried to follow a similar structure to the way context is injected in tools

[fubuloubu]

I tested this and it works for me

[fubuloubu]

@dsp-ant any updates with this one? useful for me

[NetanelBollag]

Waiting for this to be fixed too 🫶

[fubuloubu]

@dsp-ant I rebased this PR here: #413

I have been testing with this fix and it works perfectly