[SDK] Add logger scope configurator

[psx95]

Fixes #2641

Adds scope configurator for Loggers.

Similar work was done for Tracers in #3137 and Meters in #3268.

Changes

• Updates the Logging SDK to add support for LoggerConfigurator as per the spec changes.
• Adds a LoggerConfig class that can be used to configure a logger's behavior as per spec.

For significant contributions please make sure you have completed the following items:

• CHANGELOG.md updated for non-trivial changes
• Unit tests have been added
• Changes in public API reviewed

[netlify]

✅ Deploy Preview for opentelemetry-cpp-api-docs canceled.

Name	Link
🔨 Latest commit	511f7a1
🔍 Latest deploy log	https://app.netlify.com/sites/opentelemetry-cpp-api-docs/deploys/67d9c9237cdc7f000843aac5

[codecov]

Codecov Report

Attention: Patch coverage is 88.23529% with 4 lines in your changes missing coverage. Please review.

Project coverage is 89.50%. Comparing base (148cfe9) to head (511f7a1).
Report is 1 commits behind head on main.

Files with missing lines	Patch %	Lines
sdk/src/logs/logger_provider.cc	50.00%	4 Missing ⚠️

Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##             main    #3282      +/-   ##
==========================================
+ Coverage   89.48%   89.50%   +0.03%     
==========================================
  Files         208      210       +2     
  Lines        6497     6522      +25     
==========================================
+ Hits         5813     5837      +24     
- Misses        684      685       +1     

Files with missing lines	Coverage Δ
sdk/include/opentelemetry/sdk/logs/logger_config.h	100.00% <100.00%> (ø)
sdk/src/logs/logger.cc	82.23% <100.00%> (+3.28%)	⬆️
sdk/src/logs/logger_config.cc	100.00% <100.00%> (ø)
sdk/src/logs/logger_context.cc	100.00% <100.00%> (ø)
sdk/src/logs/logger_provider.cc	89.14% <50.00%> (-1.77%)	⬇️

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[marcalff]

LGTM, thanks for the feature.