Don't run local uint constant indices in C/Python backends

[ricardoV94]

This optimization is actually a slow down, because the implementations always requset a cast of indices to intp. We used to do it explicitly in AdvancedSubtensor1 but the underlying numpy C function also does it: https://github.com/numpy/numpy/blob/c23886c226012a50da11066d3be98fd94e571101/numpy/_core/src/multiarray/item_selection.c#L247-L251

Local benchmark on a PyMC model that uses AdavncedSubtensor1/Inc shows a slowdown compared to when the optimization is not used.

This PR removes the rewrite from these backends. It also makes the rewrite apply only after specialization to avoid too many passes when other rewrites introduce things like x.shape[i] which will be removed anyway.

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📚 Documentation preview 📚: https://pytensor--1335.org.readthedocs.build/en/1335/

[codecov]

Codecov Report

All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests ✅

Project coverage is 82.01%. Comparing base (0b56ed9) to head (5739fd5).
Report is 3 commits behind head on main.

Additional details and impacted files

@@           Coverage Diff           @@
##             main    #1335   +/-   ##
=======================================
  Coverage   82.01%   82.01%           
=======================================
  Files         203      203           
  Lines       48805    48798    -7     
  Branches     8688     8685    -3     
=======================================
- Hits        40026    40022    -4     
+ Misses       6627     6625    -2     
+ Partials     2152     2151    -1     

Files with missing lines	Coverage Δ
pytensor/compile/mode.py	84.72% <ø> (ø)
pytensor/tensor/rewriting/subtensor.py	89.95% <100.00%> (+0.02%)	⬆️
pytensor/tensor/subtensor.py	89.48% <100.00%> (+0.17%)	⬆️

... and 1 file with indirect coverage changes

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