Propagate static output shapes in Split and avoid copy in C-impl

[ricardoV94]

This makes Split (which shows up in the gradient of Join) much faster as it doesn't do useless copies.

I see a speedup of ~10x, obviously the comparison would scale with the ammount of copying that is now avoided

import pytensor
import pytensor.tensor as pt
import numpy as np

x = pt.matrix("x", shape=(100, 200))
ys = pt.split(x, [10]*10, 10)
profile = None
fn = pytensor.function(
    [pytensor.In(x, borrow=True)], 
    [pytensor.Out(y, borrow=True) for y in ys],
    trust_input=True,
    profile=profile,
)
fn.dprint()
x_test = np.zeros((100, 200))
%timeit fn(x_test)
%timeit fn(x_test)
%timeit fn(x_test)
if profile:
    fn.profile.summary()

Also added static output shape and cleanup other methods of Split

---

📚 Documentation preview 📚: https://pytensor--1343.org.readthedocs.build/en/1343/

[codecov]

Codecov Report

Attention: Patch coverage is 88.57143% with 4 lines in your changes missing coverage. Please review.

Project coverage is 82.01%. Comparing base (0f5da80) to head (f1d6ba0).
Report is 5 commits behind head on main.

Files with missing lines	Patch %	Lines
pytensor/tensor/basic.py	88.23%	3 Missing and 1 partial ⚠️

❌ Your patch status has failed because the patch coverage (88.57%) is below the target coverage (100.00%). You can increase the patch coverage or adjust the target coverage.

Additional details and impacted files

@@           Coverage Diff           @@
##             main    #1343   +/-   ##
=======================================
  Coverage   82.01%   82.01%           
=======================================
  Files         203      203           
  Lines       48798    48813   +15     
  Branches     8685     8688    +3     
=======================================
+ Hits        40022    40035   +13     
- Misses       6625     6627    +2     
  Partials     2151     2151           

Files with missing lines	Coverage Δ
pytensor/link/numba/dispatch/tensor_basic.py	88.59% <100.00%> (-0.20%)	⬇️
pytensor/tensor/basic.py	91.13% <88.23%> (-0.04%)	⬇️

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[jessegrabowski]

Some rinky-dink feedback. I'm not qualified to comment on the C code, but I tried my best.