fix(#6778): pass async error to outside callback to display right response

[kyle7zhang]

pass async error to outside callback to handle error correct and response right status (not 200)

BREAKING CHANGE: RenderContext.prototype.next pass error object to outside callback

close #6778

What kind of change does this PR introduce? (check at least one)

• Bugfix
• Feature
• Code style update
• Refactor
• Build-related changes
• Other, please describe:

Does this PR introduce a breaking change? (check one)

• Yes
• No

If yes, please describe the impact and migration path for existing applications:

RenderContext.prototype.next now can pass error object to outside callback, and handle it correctly when an async error happened.

The PR fulfills these requirements:

• It's submitted to the dev branch for v2.x (or to a previous version branch), not the master branch
• When resolving a specific issue, it's referenced in the PR's title (e.g. fix #xxx[,#xxx], where "xxx" is the issue number)
• All tests are passing: https://github.com/vuejs/vue/blob/dev/.github/CONTRIBUTING.md#development-setup
• New/updated tests are included

If adding a new feature, the PR's description includes:

• A convincing reason for adding this feature (to avoid wasting your time, it's best to open a suggestion issue first and wait for approval before working on it)

Other information:

[yyx990803]

Thanks a lot for this PR! It is not entirely correct, but it has helped a lot in locating the problem. I ended up with a fix in 8936b8d.